Basic Principles of Digital and Analog EEG To order this title, and for more information, click here Third Edition
By B. J. Fisch, Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratories, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
Description Organized to serve as a resource for those just beginning to learn EEG as well as those who are already experienced, it contains concise
presentations of the fundamentals of EEG technology and interpretation as well as an up-to-date review of the latest digital EEG technology
and EEG clinical correlations. Unlike other EEG textbooks, the second half of this book is uniquely organized according to EEG findings
rather than individual disorders. This is the best practical approach to learning interpretation because it mirrors the actual practice
of EEG, the EEGer is confronted by EEG patterns, not diagnoses. Each chapter begins with a summary of major concepts. An overview of
EEG can be quickly obtained by those beginning the study of EEG by simply reading the introductory summaries of all chapters before reading
the
Contents
Part A: Technical background.
1. The source of the EEG. 1.1 The generator of the EEG. 1.2 Rhythmical EEG activity.
1.3 Recording of electrical potentials with scalp electrodes. 2. Recording electrodes. 2.1 Electrode shapes and application methods.
2.2 Electrical properties of recording electrodes. 2.3 Electrode placement. 2.4 Recording non-cerebral potentials. 3. Digital and analog
EEG instruments: parts and functions. Introduction. 3.1 The electrode panel. 3.2. Analog EEG instrument input selector switches. 3.3
Analog and digital calibration. 3.4 Amplifiers. 3.5 Filters. 3.6 Analog writing units. 3.7 Analog to digital conversion. 3.8 The signal
display. 3.9 Digital filtering. 3.10 Digital montage selection and montage reformatting. 3.11 Digital data storage and transmission.
3.12 Electrical safety. 4. Spatial analysis of the EEG. 4.1 Multichannel recordings. 4.2 Bipolar montages. 4.3 Common electrode reference
montages. 4.4 Average reference montages. 4.5 Weighted average montages. 4.6 Laplacian montages. 4.7 Source localization. 4.8 Montage
display and design. 4.9 Analysis of the topography of the EEG voltage field. 4.10 Summary. 5. The product of the recording: the clinical
EEG record. 5.1 General technical standards. 5.2 Standards for pediatric recordings. 5.3 Standards for recordings in cases of suspected
cerebral death. 5.4 Telephone transmission. 6. Artifacts. 6.1 Artifacts from the patient. 6.2 Interference. 6.3 Artifacts arising from
recording electrodes and equipment. 7. Special methods of analysis and recording. 7.1 Quantitative EEG analysis. 7.2 Topographic mapping.
7.3 Automated event detection. 7.4 Intraoperative and intensive care unit monitoring. 7.5 Ambulatory EEG recording. 7.6 EEG recording
with simultaneous video monitoring.
Part B: The normal EEG.
8. Definition of the normal EEG, relation
to brain function. 8.1 Definition of the normal EEG. 8.2 A normal EEG does not always mean normal brain function. 8.3 An abnormal EEG
does not necessarily mean clinically abnormal brain function. 9. Descriptors of EEG activity. 9.1 Waveform. 9.2 Repetition. 9.3 Frequency.
9.4 Amplitude. 9.5 Distribution. 9.6. Phase relation. 9.7 Timing. 9.8 Persistence. 9.9 Reactivity. 10. The normal EEG from premature
age to the age of 19 years. 10.1 Neonatal EEG. 10.2 Infants from full term to 3 months of age. 10.3 Infants from 3 months to 12 months
of age. 10.4 Children and adolescents from 1 to 19 years of age. 11. The normal EEG of wakeful resting adults of 20-60 years of age.
11.1 The alpha rhythm. 11.2 Beta rhythms. 11.3 Mu rhythm. 11.4 Lambda waves. 11.5 Vertex sharp transients (V waves). 11.6 Kappa rhythm.
11.7 Normal posterior theta rhythms. 11.8 The low voltage EEG. 11.9 Major abnormalities. 12. The normal sleep EEG of adults over 20 years.
12.1 Elements of normal sleep activity. 12.2 Sleep stages. 12.3 Sleep cycles. 12.4 Deviations from normal sleep. 13. The normal EEG of
adults over 60 years of age. 13.1 Alpha rhythm. 13.2 Beta rhythm. 13.3 Sporadic generalized slow waves. 13.4 Intermittent temporal slow
waves. 13.5 Sleep. 13.6 Major abnormalities. 14. Activation procedures. 14.1 Hyperventilation. 14.2 Sleep. 14.3 Photic stimulation. 14.4
Other stimuli. 14.5 Pentylenetetrazol, bemegride and other convulsant drugs.
Part C: The abnormal EEG.
15. Abnormal EEG patterns, correlation with underlying cerebral lesions and neurological diseases. 15.1 Definition of the abnormal
EEG. 15.2 Correlation between abnormal EEG patterns, general cerebral pathology and specific neurological diseases. 15.3 The diagnostic
value of the EEG. 16. Classification of seizures. 16.1 Definitions. 16.2 Classification of seizures - general. 16.3 Classification of
seizures - specific. 16.4 Seizure classification and epilepsy syndrome diagnosis. 17. Localized epileptiform patterns. 17.1 Description
of patterns. 17.2 Clinical significance of focal epileptiform activity. 17.3 Other EEG abnormalities associated with focal epileptiform
activity. 17.4 Mechanisms underlying focal epileptiform activity. 17.5 Specific disorders causing focal epileptiform activity. 18. Generalized
epileptiform patterns. 18.1 Description of patterns. 18.2 Clinical significance of generalized epileptiform activity. 18.3 Other EEG
abnormalities associated with generalized epileptiform activity. 18.4 Mechanisms underlying generalized epileptiform activity. 18.5 Specific
disorders causing generalized epileptiform activity. 19. Electrographic seizure patterns, pseudoperiodic patterns, and pseudoepileptiform
patterns. 19.1 Neonatal seizures. 19.2 The infantile and juvenile patterns of hypsarrhythmia, slow-spike-and-wave discharges and multifocal
independent spikes. 19.3 Pseudoperiodic patterns. 19.4 Ictal patterns without spikes and sharp waves. 19.5 Epileptiform patterns without
proven relation to seizures ('pseudoepileptiform patterns'). 20. Localized slow waves. 20.1 Description of pattern. 20.2 Clinical significance
of focal slow waves. 20.3 Other EEG abnormalities associated with focal slow waves. 20.4 Mechanisms causing focal slow waves. 20.5 Specific
disorders causing focal slow waves. 21. Generalized asynchronous slow waves. 21.1 Description of pattern. 21.2 General clinical significance
of generalized asynchronous slow waves. 21.3 Other EEG abnormalities associated with generalized asynchronous slow waves. 21.4 Mechanisms
causing generalized asynchronous slow waves. 21.5 Specific disorders causing generalized asynchronous slow waves. 22. Bilaterally synchronous
slow waves. 22.1 Description of pattern. 22.2 Clinical significance of bisynchronous slow waves. 22.3 Other EEG abnormalities associated
with bisynchronous slow waves. 22.4 Mechanisms causing bisynchronous slow waves. 22.5 Specific disorders causing bilaterally synchronous
slow waves. 23. Localized and lateralized changes of amplitude: asymmetries. 23.1 Description of pattern. 23.2 Clinical significance
of asymmetries. 23.3 Other abnormalities associated with asymmetries. 23.4 Mechanisms causing local changes of amplitude. 23.5 Specific
disorders causing asymmetries of amplitude. 23.6 Asymmetries of alpha, beta, mu and other rhythms. 24. Generalized changes of amplitude:
symmetrically high and low amplitude. 24.1 Description of patterns. 24.2 Clinical significance of high and low amplitude. 24.3 Other
EEG abnormalities associated with high and low amplitude. 24.4 Mechanisms causing generalized changes of amplitude. 24.5 Specific disorders
causing a generalized decrease of amplitude of all types of activity. 24.6 Generalized decrease or absence of alpha rhythm. 24.7 Generalized
increase of beta rhythm. 24.8 Changes of amplitude of sleep patterns. 25. Deviations from normal patterns. 25.1 Abnormal frequency of
the alpha rhythm. 25.2 Abnormal reactivity of the alpha rhythm. 25.3 Rhythmical activity of theta, alpha and beta frequency in coma and
reactivity in coma. 25.4 Abnormal timing and incidence of sleep patterns. 25.5 Immature patterns. 26. The EEG report. 26.1 Description
of the record. 26.2 EEG summary impression. 26.3 Clinical correlation.
Appendix I. A glossary of terms most commonly used by clinical
electroencephalographers. Appendix II. American Clinical Neurophysiology Society recording guidelines. Report of the Committee on Infectious
Diseases. Appendix III. Clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures: definition of terms. Subject Index.
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