Description ICRP Publication 79 provides an extensive discussion of hereditary variations in the susceptibility to cancer, and includes a commentary
on the possible implications of such susceptibility variations for radiological protection. Current ICRP recommendations are based essentially
on the estimation of excess cancer risk after exposure of whole populations. Because of differences in genetic make-up between individuals,
there is a strong expectation that the excess cancer risk per unit dose of radiation exposure will be non-uniform. The report seeks to
review relevant data and make interim judgments on tumorigenic radiosensitivity in the genetic disorders of this type, and also on the
likely contribution that genetic factors may make to radiation-induced cancer. Since directly informative epidemiological data on radiation
effects under differing cancer predispositions are essentially lacking, emphasis is placed on experimental studies and clinical observations,
on computational genetic models of cancer risk, and on possible research strategies for the future. This provides a framework facilitating
future judgments in this rapidly advancing area of human genetics. At this stage, the utility of genetic testing for cancer predisposition
is limited by technical factors and concerns on predictive power. The preliminary conclusion is that in the future, genetic testing may
find selected use prior to certain medical exposures to radiation, but apart from that, genetic testing for cancer disorders seems unlikely
on current knowledge to attain a major role in radiation protection practice.
Contents Preface.
Introduction. DNA Damage and Repair.
The DNA damage spectrum after radiation. Post-irradiation
cellular DNA repair and mutagenesis. Human genetic disorders affecting DNA repair and genomic instability. Summary and conclusions.
Mechanisms
and Genetics of Solid Tumours.
Oncogenes. Tumour suppressor genes. DNA repair and replication genes in solid tumours.
Genetic susceptibility to solid tumours. The origin of mutations in tumour-associated genes. The genetic component of solid tumours.
Summary.
Mechanisms and Genetics of Lympho-Haemopoietic Neoplasia.
Mechanisms of induction of lympho-haemopoietic
neoplasia. Genetic susceptibility to lympho-haemopoietic neoplasia. Summary and conclusions.
Evidence on Associations
Between Tumorigenic Radiosensitivity and Heritable Predisposition to Cancer.
Mechanistic aspects of tumorigenic radiosensivity.
Rodent models of cancer predisposition. Radiotherapeutic observation. Epidemiological aspects of tumorigenic radiosensitivity. Overall
judgments on genetically determined tumorigenic radiosensitivity. Summary and conclusions.
Computational Modeling of the
Impact of Genetic Factors in Radiation Carcinogenesis.
Familial cancer genes: estimates of mutant gene frequencies.
Population genetic models of cancer predisposition and radiosensitivity.
Implications For Radiological Protection of Data
on Cancer Susceptibility.
Familial cancer involving genes of high penetrance. Cancer involving genes of low penetrance.
Areas of future research in radiological protection. The application of diagnostic technologies. Summary and conclusions for radiological
protection.
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