 |
|
| TRACE DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN WATER (BOOK REPRINT), 19
| |
| | |
|
|
To order this title, and for more information, click here
By
Damia Barcelo, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain
Edited By
M.-C. Hennion, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, 10, Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
Included in series
Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, 19
Description
The book covers a critical compilation of analytical methods used for the monitoring of pesticides and their degradation products in water.
It contains up-to-date material and is the direct result of the authors' experience in the field of pesticide analysis. The book is structured
in six chapters, starting from general aspects of pesticides like usage, physicochemical parameters and occurrence in the environment.
A second chapter is devoted to sampling from water matrices, stability methods of pesticides in water and quality assurance issues. The
general chromatographic methods for pesticides are reported, including the newly developed electrophoresis methods and GC-MS and LC-MS
confirmatory analytical methods. Sample preparation methodologies, including off-line and on-line techniques are described in the next
two chapters, with a comprehensive list of examples of pesticides and many metabolites, including the use of different GC-methods and
LC-methods. The final chapter is devoted to the development of biological techniques, immunoassays and biosensors, for the trace determination
of pesticides in water samples.
The book answers one of the key problems in pesticide analysis: the diversity of chemical functional
groups, with varying polarity and physicochemical properties. Pesticides and their metabolites have received particular attention during
the last few years in environmental trace-organic analysis. For instance, in the case of groundwater, the use of pesticides has become
a cause for concern. Under the right conditions, pesticides, such as fertilizer nitrogen, can move through the soil into groundwater,
a phenomenon once thought improbable. The movement of agrochemicals in surface water flow can be, in some instances, a major problem,
specially in the case of water soluble pesticides that are generally transported to estuarine and coastal waters. Estuarine waters feature
gradients of both pollutant concentrations and physicochemical characteristics such as salinity, turbidity and pH, and all these parameters
must be carefully considered when developing methods of analysis for trace organics in estuarine waters.
One of the key parameters
in analytical determination is the environmental sampling. Different protocols and devices are needed for sampling sea-water samples
- usually using large sample volumes of more than 50 litres either with LLE or SPE, with the problems encountered due to dissolved and
particulate matter - which is different from drinking water and well water sampling. The representativeness of the sampling is also of
concern.
The sample preparation of organic compounds from water matrices has been recognized to be a bottleneck and it has been traditionally
neglected in the literature. We should comment following R.W. Frie's ideas - that the most sophisticated hardware is useless if the chemistry
in the protocol does not work. During the last few years new adsorbents have appeared - carbon type, polymeric sorbents with high capacity
and immunosorbents - which can more efficiently trap the more polar compounds.
The development of advanced automation methods based,
usually on solid phase extraction techniques - PROSPEKT, OSP-2 and ASPEC XL - are examples of commercially available equipment that are
of growing importance. These systems are generally coupled to LC and GC techniques.
Sampling and sample handling can not be regarded
as separate techniques in the analytical process and both should be integrated into the whole analytical determination. For this reason,
validation and confirmation methods, such as mass spectrometry, either GC-MS and/or LC-MS, are needed. These serve to check the quality
assurance of the developed method. The discussion between multiscreening versus specific methods of analysis and the influence of the
matrix (ground-, surface- and estuarine-water), is also a point of concern due to the diversity of chemical classes within the compounds
of study.
Finally the use of rapid methods of analysis, which refer basically to biological techniques, biosensors and immunoassays
are also of growing interest for the determination of pesticides in environmental matrices. The rapid development of these techniques,
being more sensitive and that can work at different pH and drastic environmental conditions, like very different pH and salinity values,
makes that these methods are very useful and complementary to conventional GC and/or LC techniques for the determination of pesticides.
Audience
For university departments of analytical chemistry and environmental chemistry, analytical departments of chemical industries, environmental organizations and chemical and environmental libraries.
Contents
Chapter headings and selected papers: Pesticides and their Degradation Products: Characteristics, Usage and Environmental Behaviour.
Introduction. Chemical classes and physico-chemical properties of pesticides. Environmental relevance in the aquatic environment. Degradation
of pesticides in the aquatic environment. Toxicity and ecotoxicity. Conclusions. References.
Quality Assurance Issues: Sampling,
Storage and Interlaboratory Studies.
Sampling. Storage. Interlaboratory performance studies. References.
Chromatographic
and Related Techniques for the Analysis and Detection of Pesticides.
Introduction. Gas chromatography. Liquid chromatography.
Thin layer chromatography. Capillary electrophoresis. Mass spectrometric methods. Conclusions. References.
Sample Handling Techniques
(Extraction and Clean-up of Samples).
Introduction. Extraction and concentration procedures. Clean-up procedures. Conclusion
and further developments. References.
On-Line Sample Handling Strategies.
Introduction. On-line techniques with separation
by liquid chromatography. On-line techniques with separation by gas chromatography. On-line solid-phase extraction, supercritical fluid
extraction, and supercritical chromatography. Conclusion and further trends. References.
Immunochemical Methods and Biosensors.
Introduction. Immunoassays. Immunochemical sample preparation methods. Biosensors. Conclusions and perspectives. References. Subject
Index.
| Bibliographic details |
Hardbound, 556 pages, publication date: DEC-1997
ISBN-13: 978-0-444-81842-3
ISBN-10: 0-444-81842-1
Imprint: ELSEVIER
|
| Price and Ordering |
Price:
USD 280
GBP 169.99
EUR 199.95
|  |
Books and book related electronic products are priced in US dollars (USD), euro (EUR), and Great Britain Pounds (GBP). USD prices apply to the Americas and Asia Pacific. EUR prices apply in Europe and the Middle East. GBP prices apply to the UK and all other countries.
|
See also information about conditions of sale & ordering procedures, and links to our regional sales offices.
|
030/303
Last update: 4 Sep 2009
|
|
| |
| | |
|
|
| |
Home | Elsevier Sites | Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions | Feedback | Site Map | A Reed Elsevier Company