Description The primary aim of this volume is to make the chemist familiar with the numerous stationary phases and column types, with their advantages
and disadvantages, to help in the selection of the most suitable phase for the type of analytes under study. The book also provides detailed
information on the chemical structure, physico-chemical behaviour, experimental applicability, physical data of liquid and solid stationary
phases and solid supports. Such data were previously scattered throughout the literature. To understand the processes occurring in the
separation column and to offer a manual both to the beginner and to the experienced chromatographer, one chapter is devoted to the basic
theoretical aspects. Further, as the effectiveness of the stationary phase can only be considered in relation to the column type, a chapter
on different column types and the arrangement of the stationary phase within the column is included.
The secondary aim of this book
is to stimulate the development of new and improved standardized stationary phases and columns, in order to improve the reproducibility
of separations, as well as the range of applications.
Contents
1. Introduction. 2. Basic Concepts. Basic components of a gas chromatographic system. Raw data measured from the chromatogram.
Derived basic chromatographic parameters. Flow of gases in a gas chromatographic column and formation of bands. Thermodynamic bases of
gas chromatography. The quality of chromatographic separation. The time of analysis. Definition of symbols used and list of essential
relationships.
3. The Chromatographic Column. Packed columns. Micro-packed columns. Open-tubular columns. Properties
and comparison of the main column types.
4. Characterization of Stationary Phases. Intermolecular forces. Quantities
for the description of interactions.
5. Solid Stationary Phases. Classification of adsorbents. Carbon adsorbents. Boron
nitride and molybdenum disulphide. Adsorbents with hydroxylated and dehydroxylated surfaces. Porous organic polymers. Substances forming
inclusion compounds. Modified adsorbents.
6. Chemically Bonded Stationary Phases. Adsorbents for bonding reactions.
Bonding reactions. Properties and characterization of chemically bonded phases. Outlook and prospects for chemically bonded phases.
7.
The Solid Support. The particle size and shape. The surface area. Activity of the original and of the coated solid support.
Diatomite supports. Synthetic silica-based supports (Volaspher and quartz). Silica gel. Micro glass beads and porous layer beads. Fluorocarbon
supports. Other support materials.
8. Liquid Stationary Phases. General properties of liquid stationary phases. Hydrocarbons.
Silicones. Alcohols, ethers and carbohydrates. Esters. Nitriles and nitrile ethers. Nitro compounds. Amines. Amides. Heterocyclics. Sulphur
compounds. Fluorine compounds. Fatty acids and their salts. Salts. Chiral stationary phases. Liquid crystals. Mixed stationary phases.
9. Selection of Stationary Phases. General recommendations for choosing a suitable stationary phase. Choosing stationary
phases for special separation problems with regard to the desired selectivity. Preferred stationary phases. Approaches to stationary
phase selection.
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