Description Netter's Illustrated Pharmacology is a vivid, uniquely effective visual presentation of the pharmacodynamic relationship between drugs
and the human body. It offers a unique visual approach to learning the basic principles of pharmacology - providing the most authoritative
and broadest possible coverage of both the basic science and the clinical applications of pharmacology in a manner that is both scientifically
rigorous and enjoyable. Succinct, easy-to-understand presentations of introductory pharmacologic principles based on classic images
by Frank Netter as well as dynamic new illustrations from other talented medical artists.
Divided by specific organ systems, each
chapter shows how drugs are used for specific disorders of that system. The authors include clear, concise notes under each image, highlighting
the important elements of each principle.
Audience
Primary Markets: medical, dental, allied health, and undergraduate students taking a pharmacology course
Contents
Chapter 1. Basic Principles of Pharmacology
Overview 1 Major Ways in Which Drugs Work Eliminate External
and Internal Threats 2 Replenish or Neutralize Endogenous Chemicals 4 Modulate Physiologic Processes 5 Chemical Communication Chemical
Transmission at the Synapse 6 Synapse Morphology 7 Pharmacodynamics Receptors and Signaling 8 Receptor Subtypes 9 Agonists
10 Antagonists 11 Stereochemistry and 3-Dimensional Fit 12 Receptor-Effector Coupling 13 Signal Transduction and Cross Talk
14 Second-Messenger Pathways 15 Ligand-Gated Ion Channels 16 G Protein?Coupled Receptors 17 Trk Receptors 18 Nuclear Receptors
19 Up-regulation and Down-regulation of Receptors 20 Dose-Response Curves 21 Potency 22 Efficacy 22 Inverse Agonists 23 Antagonists:
Surmountable (Reversible) and Nonsurmountable (Irreversible) 24 Pharmacokinetics Routes of Administration 25 First-Pass Effect
26 Membrane Transport 27 Distribution 28 Barriers 29 Metabolism (Biotransformation) of Drugs 30 Cytochrome P-450 (CYP450)
Enzymes 31 Metabolic Enzyme Induction and Inhibition 32 Elimination 33
Chapter 2. Drugs Used to Affect the Autonomic
and Somatic Nervous Systems
Overview 35 Organization of the Nervous System Organization of the Nervous System 36 Action
of Drugs on Nerve Excitability 37 Somatic Nervous System Interface of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Organization
of the Somatic Division 38 Neuromuscular Transmission 39 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor 40 Physiology of the Neuromuscular
Junction 41 Pharmacology of the Neuromuscular Junction 42 Mechanism of Action of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors 43 Neuromuscular
Blocking Agents: Nondepolarizing and Depolarizing 44 Autonomic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System: Schema 45 Sympathetic
Fight or Flight Response 46 Cholinergic and Adrenergic Synapses 47 Example of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drug Treatment: Glaucoma
48 Cholinergic Receptors 49 Cholinergic Drugs 50 Example of Cholinergic Drug Treatment: Myasthenia Gravis 52 Adrenergic Receptors
53 Adrenergic Drugs 54 Drugs That Act on the Autonomic Nervous System 55 Drug Side Effects 56
Chapter 3.
Drugs Used in Disorders of the Central Nervous System and Treatment of Pain
Overview 57 Introduction to the CNS and
Drug Action Development of the Nervous System 58 Anatomy of the Nervous System 59 Functional Correlations and Visualization
of Brain Structures 60 Resting Membrane and Action Potentials 61 Excitatory and Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials 62 Central
Nervous System Neurotransmitters, Receptors, and Drug Targets 63 Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs GABAA Receptor Complex and Sedative-Hypnotic
Drugs 64 Anxiolytic Agents Clinical Anxiety 65 Anxiolytic Agents 66 Antiepileptic Agents Causes of Seizures and Their
Treatment 67 Epilepsy: Generalized Seizures and Status Epilepticus 68 Epilepsy: Partial and Absence Seizures 69 Antidepressants Clinical
Depression 71 Antidepressants: Mechanisms of Action 72 Drugs Affecting Bipolar Disorder and OCD Bipolar Disorder and Compulsive
Behavior 73 Antipsychotic Agents Psychosis and Dopamine Pathways 74 Drugs Affecting Movement Disorders and Other Neurodegenerative
Disorders Motor Tracts, Basal Ganglia, and Dopamine Pathways 75 Parkinsonism: Symptoms and Defect 77 Parkinsonism: Levodopa,
Carbidopa, and Other Drugs 78 Huntington Disease and Tourette Syndrome 79 Alzheimer Disease: Symptoms, Course, and Pathology 80 Alzheimer
Disease: Cholinergic Involvement and Drugs 81 Stroke: Symptoms and Drug Treatment 83 CNS Skeletal Muscle Relaxants Motor Neurons
and Drugs 84 Analgesics and Anesthetics Pain Pathways 85 Local Anesthetics: Spinal Afferents and Local Anesthetic Mechanisms
of Action 86 General Anesthetics: Properties 87 Opioids: Endogenous Opioid Pathway 88 Opioids: Receptor-Transduction Mechanisms
89 Nonopioids: NSAIDs, Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors, and Acetaminophen 90 Sumatriptans and Reuptake Inhibitors 91
Chapter
4. Drugs Used in Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
Overview 93 Cardiovascular System: Anatomy, Function, and
Regulation of the Heart Cardiovascular Function: Anatomy 94 Cardiovascular Function: Definition of Terms and Regulation 95 Role
of Catecholamines in Heart Function 96 Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Regulation of Heart Function 97 Synthesis and Storage of
Catecholamines 98 Regulation of Norepinephrine Release 99 Inactivation of Norepinephrine 100 Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis Hypercholesterolemia:
Causes 101 Hypercholesterolemia: Pharmacologic Therapy 102 Angina Angina Overview 103 Nitrates for Angina Treatment: Classes,
Administration Routes, Pharmacology, and Adverse Effects 104 Nitroglycerin in Angina Treatment 105 Nitroglycerin: Mechanism
of Action 106 Calcium Channel Antagonists 107 Drug Summary for Angina 108 Heart Failure Heart Failure Overview 109 Heart
Failure: Treatment 110 Heart Failure Treatment: b-Adrenergic Stimulators and Blockers 111 Heart Failure Treatment: Cardiac Glycosides
112 Arrhythmias Cardiac Arrhythmias: General 113 Cardiac Arrhythmias: Treatment 115 Cardiac Arrhythmias: Drug Classification
117 Hypertension Hypertension Overview 118 Hypertension: Causes 119 Hypertension Treatment: Diuretics 120 Hypertension
Treatment: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 121 Hypertension Treatment: b and a Blockers 122 Hypertension Treatment: Minoxidil
123 Hypertension Treatment: Clonidine 124 Hypertension in Elderly Patients 125 Pheochromocytoma-Induced Hypertension 126 Hypertension
in Cushing Syndrome 127 Peripheral Vascular Disease Peripheral Vascular Disease 128
Chapter 5. Drugs Used in
Disorders of the Endocrine System
Overview 129 Hypothalamic and Pituitary Disorders Regulation of Hypothalamic
and Pituitary Hormones 130 Hypopituitarism 132 Growth Hormone Deficiency and Treatment 133 Growth Hormone Excess (Acromegaly)
and Treatment 134 Thyroid Disorders Thyroid Hormones 135 Thyroid Hormones: Synthesis, Release, and Regulation 136 Hypothyroidism
137 Hypothyroidism: Treatment of Choice 138 Liothyronine and T4/T3 Combinations 139 Hyperthyroidism 140 Hyperthyroidism:
Treatment 141 Thioamides 142 Thioamides: Adverse Effects 143 Radioactive Iodine 144 Iodide 145 Adrenergic Antagonists
146 Corticosteroids and Adrenocortical Dysfunction Regulation of Adrenal Hormones 147 Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids
148 Corticosteroids 149 Cushing Syndrome 150 Ketoconazole 151 Metyrapone 152 Aminoglutethimide 153 Addison Disease,
or Primary Adrenal Insufficiency 154 Diabetes Mellitus The Pancreas and Insulin Production 155 Insulin Secretion 156 Lack
of Insulin 157 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 158 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 159 Insulin Therapy 160 Reactions to Insulin: Hypoglycemia
and Adipose Tissue Changes 161 Sulfonylureas 162 Biguanides 163 Meglitinides 164 a-Glucosidase Inhibitors 165 Thiazolidinediones
166 Thiazolidinediones: Clinical Rationale and Adverse Effects 167
Chapter 6. Drugs Used in Disorders of the Gastrointestinal
System
Overview 169 Function and Regulation of the GI System Enteric Nervous System 170 Integration of the Autonomic
and Enteric Nervous Systems 171 Gastrointestinal Motility 172 Control of Peristalsis 174 Hormones of the Gastrointestinal Tract
175 Parietal Cell Function Regulation 176 Pancreatic Secretion 177 Defecation 178 Protein Digestion 179 Fat Digestion
180 Disorders of Colonic Motility Colonic Motility and Treatment of Diarrhea 181 Antidiarrheal Drugs and Their Adverse Effects
182 Causes of Constipation 183 Treatment of Constipation 184 Functional Disorder of the Large Intestine Treatment of Irritable
Bowel Syndrome 185 Protozoal GI Infection Giardiasis 187 Peptic Ulcer Helicobacter pylori Infection Overview 188 Treatment
of Helicobacter pylori Infection 189 Peptic Ulcer Treatment 190 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Overview 191 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Treatment 192 Pancreatitis Treatment of Pancreatitis 193 Cholelithiasis Pathologic
Features of Gallstones 195 Gallstone Pathogenesis and Treatment 196 Liver Physiology and Pathology Liver Function 197 Bilirubin
Production and Excretion 198 Cirrhosis 199 Ascites 200 Nausea and Vomiting Physiology of Emesis 202 Antiemetics 204
Chapter
7. Drugs Used in Disorders of the Respiratory System
Chapter 8. Drugs Used in Disorders of the Reproductive System
Overview 245 Organization and
Function of the Reproductive System Organization of the Reproductive System 246 Regulation of Estrogen and Testosterone 247 Events
of the Normal Menstrual Cycle 248 Contraception Combination Oral Contraceptives 249 Major Adverse Effects of Combination Oral
Contraceptives 250 Estrogen and Coagulation 251 Progestin-Only Contraceptives 252 The Morning-After Pill 253 The Abortion
Pill 254 Endometriosis and Treatment Endometriosis 255 Danazol 256 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists, Combination
Oral Contraceptives, and Progestin 257 Postmenopausal Hormone Changes and Therapy Estrogen Decline 258 Vasomotor Symptoms 259 Genitourinary
Atrophy 260 Osteoporosis and Estrogen 261 Role of Progestins in Hormone Replacement Therapy 262 Route of Hormone Administration
263 General Adverse Effects 264 Cardiovascular and Neurologic Risks 265 Cancer Risks 266 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
267 Antiestrogens 268 Hypogonadism 269 Hypogonadism Treatment and Adverse Effects 270
Chapter 9. Drugs Used
to Affect Renal Function
Overview 271 Organization and Functions of the Renal System Macroscopic Anatomy 272 The
Nephron 273 Blood Vessels Surrounding Nephrons 274 The Glomerulus 275 Practical Application: Measuring the Glomerular Filtration
Rate 276 Tubular Segments 277 Ion and Water Reabsorption 278 Bicarbonate Reabsorption 279 Potassium Excretion 280 Volume
Regulation Antidiuretic Hormone 281 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 282 Diuretics General Considerations: Volume Homeostasis
283 Mercurial Diuretics 285 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors 286 Thiazide Diuretics 287 Potassium-Sparing Agents 288 Loop
(High-Ceiling) Diuretics 289 Osmotic Agents 290 Summary of Therapeutics 291 Urinary Incontinence Urinary Incontinence 293 Urinary
Tract Calculi Urinary Tract Calculi (Kidney Stones) 294 Renal Insufficiency and Dialysis Effect of Renal Insufficiency on Drug
Action 295 Effect of Hemodialysis on Drug Action 296
Chapter 10. Drugs Used in Infectious Disease
Overview
297 Bacterial Infections: Antibiotics Classification of Antibiotics 298 Definitions: Bacteriostatic Versus Bactericidal 299 Spectrum
of Activity 300 Mechanisms of Resistance 301 Examples of Resistance 302 Natural Penicillins: Penicillin G and Penicillin V 303 Aminopenicillins:
Amoxicillin and Ampicillin 304 Antipseudomonal Penicillins: Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, and Ticarcillin 305 b-Lactamase Inhibitors
306 b Lactamase?Resistant Penicillins: Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin, and Nafcillin 307 Adverse Effects of Penicillins
308 Cephalosporins 309 Carbapenems: Imipenem-Cilastatin, Ertapenem, and Meropenem 310 Monobactams: Aztreonam 311 Vancomycin
312 Vancomycin Treatment Difficulties: Resistance and Adverse Effects 313 Tetracyclines 314 Aminoglycosides 315 Macrolides:
Erythromycin, Azithromycin, and Clarithromycin 316 Clindamycin 317 Quinolones 318 New-Generation Quinolones 319 Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
321 Linezolid 322 Sulfonamides 323 Fungal Infections: Antifungal Drugs Nature of Fungal Infections and Therapy 324 Amphotericin
B 325 Azole Antifungal Agents and Other Antifungal Agents 326 Viral Infections and Antiviral Agents Nature of Viral Infections
327 Herpesviruses 328 Acyclovir and Famciclovir 329 Ganciclovir 330 Influenza and Its Treatment 331 HIV Infection: Antiretroviral
Agents HIV Infection 332 Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) and Non-NRTIs 333 Protease Inhibitors 334 Other
Antiretroviral Agents for AIDS: Tenofovir and Enfuvirtide 335
Chapter 11. Drugs Used in Neoplastic Disorders
Overview
337 Introduction to Chemotherapy Cell Cycle 338 Combination Chemotherapy 339 Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy 340 Antimetabolites Folate
Analogs: Methotrexate 341 Purine Analogs: Mercaptopurine and Thioguanine 342 Pyrimidine Analogs: 5-Fluorouracil 343 Pyrimidine
Analogs: Capecitabine 344 Pyrimidine Analogs: Cytarabine and Fludarabine 345 Pyrimidine Analogs: Gemcitabine 346 Substituted
Ureas: Hydroxyurea 347 Alkylating Agents Nitrogen Mustards: Mechlorethamine and Melphalan 348 Cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide
349 Nitrosoureas: Carmustine and Lomustine 350 Platinum Compounds: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, and Oxaliplatin 351 Microtubule Inhibitors Vinca
Alkaloids: Vincristine, Vinblastine, and Vinorelbine 352 Taxanes 353 Antibiotics Anthracyclines: Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin
354 Hormonal Therapies Estrogen Antagonists: Tamoxifen and Toremifene 355 Aromatase Inhibitors: Anastrozole, Letrozole, and
Exemestane 356 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs: Leuprolide and Goserelin 357 Antiandrogens: Flutamide, Bicalutamide, and
Nilutamide 358 Monoclonal Antibodies Unconjugated Antibodies: Trastuzumab, Alemtuzumab, and Rituximab 359 Conjugated Antibodies:
Ibritumomab Tiuxetan and Tositumomab and Iodine I 131 Tositumomab 360 Newer Miscellaneous Agents Imatinib Mesylate .361 Gefinitib
362 Bortezomib 363
Chapter 12. Drugs Used for Skin Disorders
Overview 365 Organization of the
Skin Anatomy of the Skin 366 Hair Loss Alopecia 367 Blister Diseases Bullous (Blister) Skin Diseases 368 Eczema Common
Dermatoses Including Eczema 369 Psoriasis Psoriasis 370 Mite and Louse Infestations Scabies and Pediculosis 371 Hives Urticaria
372
Chapter 13. Vitamins: Deficiencies and Drug Interactions
Overview 373 Fat-Soluble Vitamins Deficiency
of Vitamin A (Retinol) and Other Fat-Soluble Vitamins 374 Water-Soluble Vitamins Deficiency of Thiamine (B1) and Other B Vitamins
375 Niacin or Nicotinic Acid Deficiency (Pellagra) 376 Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy) 377 Vitamin-Drug Interactions Fat-Soluble
Vitamin-Drug Interactions 378 Water-Soluble Vitamin-Drug Interactions 379
Chapter 14. Drug Allergy, Abuse, and Poisoning
or Overdose
Overview 381 Drug Allergy Allergic Reactions to Drugs 382 Type I (Acute, Anaphylactic) Reactions
383 Type II (Cytotoxic, Autoimmune) Reactions 384 Type III (Immune Complex, Serum Sickness, Arthus) Reactions 385 Type IV (Cell-Mediated,
Delayed-Hypersensitivity, Contact Dermatitis) Reactions 386 Drug Abuse Brain Reward Circuit 387 Ethanol: Deleterious Effects
388 Ethanol Abuse: Treatment 389 Withdrawal: Opioids, Benzodiazepines, and Barbiturates 390 Poisoning or Overdose Sympathomimetic
Drugs 392 Cholinergic Drugs 393 Anticholinergic Drugs 394 Serotonergics 395 Opioids 396 Over-the-Counter Products 397 Management
of Poisoning and Overdose 398
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