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By K. Iwansson, European Patent Office, r. 1813, Patentlaan 2, NL-2280 HV Rijswijk, The Netherlands G. Sinapius, r. 6414, Rschorrhöfe, Europäisches Patentamt, Erhardtstrasse 27, D-80298 München, Germany W. Hoornaert, r. 1850, European Patent Office, Patentlaan 2, NL-2280 HV Rijswijk, The Netherlands S. Middelhoek, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
This authoritative new book focuses on recent developments in the instrumentation for sending voltages and currents. It covers new
trends and challenges in the field, such as measurements of biocurrents, the increased speed of the components for data taking, testing
of computers and integrated circuits where the measurement of rapid voltage and current variations on a very small geometrical scale
is necessary. The first chapter concentrates on recent methods to sense voltages and currents, while the rest of the book investigates
the applied side, covering for instance electrical power and energy measurements. The main purpose of this volume is to illustrate commonly
employed techniques rather than track the scientific evolution and merits and therefore mainly covers patent literature aimed at industrial
applications. It is an exciting addition, justifying the series' claim to cover state-of-the-art developments in both the applied and
theoretical fields of sensors and actuators.
The measurement of voltages and currents is a common task in the field of electricity
and electronics. From a technical point of view it is useful to identify schematically different steps of such a measurement. In a first
step a voltage or a current is sensed, intermediate steps such as amplification, transmission and further treatment may follow to yield
the result in the final step. Today in most cases microprocessors perform the final steps of such measurements. Analog-to digital converters
digitise a voltage that is proportional to the value to be measured and a processor performs further computations and handles the storage
and the display of the results. The prerequisite for such measurements are sensors or transducers that respond in a known way to the
voltage or current to be measured. The emphasis of this book is put on recent developments of the instrumentation for sensing voltages
and currents.
Aside from the general trend towards smaller, cheaper and more reliable instrumentation, new demands have arisen. New
applications, like measurements of biocurrents, ask for higher sensitivities. Computers and integrated circuits pose new challenges.
To exploit the increased speed of the components for data taking, suitable sensors are required. The accuracy that can be achieved depends
more than ever on the first step, the acquisition of the raw data. The influence of the measurement process on the results becomes more
crucial. Testing of integrated circuits themselves is a completely new application. For such tests one has to measure rapid voltage and
current variations on very small geometrical scales. Here, as well as in the traditional high voltage applications, contactless measurements
play an important role.
The organisation of this book is as follows: In the first chapter different methods to sense voltages and currents
are described. For the sake of completeness most commonly used methods are mentioned, we concentrate, however, on those developed recently.
The chapters address the subject from the side of different applications in which voltages and currents are sensed.
Since the main
purpose of this publication is to illustrate commonly employed techniques rather than to track the scientific evolution and merits in
particular fields, in general those publications that illustrate a particular measurement principle best have been cited. The citation
of a particular reference does therefore not imply that this is the first or most pertinent publication in the respective field.
Contents
•
Sensors and Transducers
Voltage Sensors.Current Sensors.
•
Measuring High Voltages and
Currents
Measuring High Voltages. Measuring High Currents.
•
Shielding Against Interferences
Shielding Current Transducers. Interference and Shielding.
•
Measuring Power
Measuring Principles. Components
of Power. Special Applications.
•
Measuring Energy
Measuring Principles. Integrating Techniques. Features
of Energy Meters. Problems with Power and Energy Meters.
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