Description This report considers the evidence relating to cancer risk associated with exposure to low doses of low-LET radiation, and particularly
doses below current recommended limits for protection of radiation workers and the general public. It looks at the possibility of establishing
a universal threshold dose below which there is no risk of radiation-related cancer. The focus is on evidence regarding linearity of
dose response for all cancers considered as a group, but not necessarily individually, at low doses (the so-called linear, no-threshold
(LNT) hypothesis). The report concludes that while existence of a low-dose threshold does not seem unlikely for radiation-related cancers,
it does not favor the existence of a universal threshold. The LNT hypothesis, combined with an uncertain dose and dose rate effectiveness
factor (DDREF) for extrapolation from high doses, remains a prudent basis for radiation protection at low doses and low dose rates.
Contents ABSTRACT
GUEST EDITORIAL
PREFACE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION
Introduction
Inferences
based on acute doses in the moderate-to-high dose range
Estimation of risk at low doses and low dose rates
Thresholds
vs. the linear, no-threshold theory
Conclusion: Implications for low-dose cancer risk
LOW-DOSE RISK – BIOLOGY
Introduction
Damage
caused by radiation
Damage Response Pathways
Fidelity of DSB repair
Impact of defects in DNA repair, checkpoint
control and apoptosis
Conclusions
CELLULAR CONSEQUENCES OF RADIATION-INDUCED DAMAGE
Radiation- induced Chromosome
Aberrations
Radiation-Induced Somatic Cell Mutations
Adaptive Response, Genomic Instability and Bystander Effect
Conclusions:
Implications for Risk Assessment
CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION
Mechanisms of radiation-induced cancer
Tissue
Modifying Factors
Radiation-induced Cancer in Animals
Life Shortening
Summary
Conclusions: Implications for
radiation-related cancer at low doses
QUANTITATIVE UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
Overview
Sources of uncertainty
Allowing
for the uncertain possibility of a threshold
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