Guaranteeing performance and prioritizing data across the Internet may seem nearly impossible because of an increasing number of
variables that can affect and undermine service. But if you're involved in developing and implementing streaming video or voice, or other
time-sensitive Internet applications, you understand exactly what's at stake in establishing Quality of Service (QoS) and recognize the
benefits it will bring to your company.
What you need is a reliable guide to the latest QoS techniques that addresses the Internet's
special challenges. Internet QoS is it-the first book to dig deep into the issues that affect your ability to provide performance
and prioritization guarantees to your customers and users! This book gives a comprehensive view of key technologies and discusses various
analytical techniques to help you get the most out of network resources as you strive to make, and adhere to, meaningful QoS guarantees.
Audience
network engineers, designers, and managers, equipment vendors, service providers and ISPs
Contents PREFACE
1 THE BIG PICTURE
1.1 RESOURCE ALLOCATION
1.1.1 Integrated Services
1.1.2 Differentiated Services
1.2 PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION
1.2.1 Multiprotocol Label Switching
1.2.2 Traffic Engineering
1.3 SUMMARY
FURTHER READING
2 INTEGRATED SERVICES
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 REAL-TIME APPLICATIONS
2.2.1 Playback Applications
2.2.2 Tolerant and Intolerant Playback Applications
2.2.3 Lessons fromMBONE
2.3 INTEGRATED SERVICES ARCHITECTURE
2.3.1 Basic Approach
2.3.2 Key Components
2.4 SERVICE MODELS
2.4.1 Flow Specification
2.4.2
Guaranteed Service
2.4.3 Controlled Load Service
2.5 RESOURCE RESERVATION SETUP (RSVP)
2.5.1 Basic Features
2.5.2 Operation Overview
2.5.3 RSVP Messages
2.5.4 Reservation Styles
2.5.5 Adspec, OPWA, and Slack Term
2.6 FLOW IDENTIFICATION
2.6.1 Basic Requirements
2.6.2 Design Choices
2.6.3 Hashing-Based Schemes
2.6.4 Performance Evaluation
2.7 PACKET SCHEDULING
2.7.1 Basic Requirements
2.7.2
Design Choices
2.7.3 Weighted Fair Queuing
2.7.4 Variants of WFQ
2.8 INTEGRATED SERVICES OVER SPECIFIC LINK LAYERS
2.8.1 Local Area
Networks
2.8.2 ATM Networks
2.9 SUMMARY
FURTHER READING
3 DIFFERENTIATED SERVICES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 DIFFERENTIATED SERVICES
FRAMEWORK
3.2.1 Basic Approach
3.2.2 Service and Forwarding Treatment
3.2.3 Per-Hop Behaviors (PHBs)
3.2.4 Services
3.3 DIFFERENTIATED
SERVICES FIELD
3.3.1 Structure of DS Field
3.3.2 Historical Codepoint Definition
3.3.3 Current Codepoint Allocation
3.4 TRAFFIC CLASSIFICATION
AND CONDITIONING
3.4.1 Classifier
3.4.2 Traffic Conditioner
3.4.3 Location of Traffic Classifiers and Conditioners
3.4.4 Configuring
Traffic Classifiers and Conditioners
3.5 ASSURED FORWARDING
3.5.1 AF PHB Group
3.5.2 Implementation Guideline
3.5.3 Example Services
3.6 EXPEDITED FORWARDING
3.6.1 EF PHB
3.6.2 Implementation Guideline
3.7 INTEROPERABILITY WITH NON-DS-COMPLIANT NETWORKS
3.7.1 Non-DS-Compliant
Node within a DS Domain
3.7.2 Transit Non-DS-Capable Domain
3.8 PACKET CLASSIFICATION
3.8.1 Basic Requirements
3.8.2 Classification
Algorithms
3.9 TRAFFIC POLICING
3.9.1 Metering and Marking
3.9.2 Dual Token Bucket Algorithm
3.10 END-TO-END RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
3.10.1 Integrated Services over Differentiated Services
3.10.2 Interdomain Bandwidth Allocation
3.10.3 End-System Congestion Control
3.11 PERFORMANCE ISSUES IN DIFFERENTIATED SERVICES
3.11.1 Network Configuration
3.11.2 Traffic Profiles and Bottleneck Bandwidth
3.11.3 Protection from Misbehaving Sources
3.12 SUMMARY
FURTHER READING
4 MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2
MOTIVATION
4.2.1 IP over ATM Integration
4.2.2 Simpler Forwarding Paradigm
4.2.3 Traffic Engineering
4.3 OVERVIEW
4.3.1 Routing
vs. Switching
4.3.2 Label-Switching Proposals
4.3.3 Comparison of Approaches
4.4 MPLS ARCHITECTURE
4.4.1 Key Concepts
4.4.2 Forwarding
Equivalency Classes
4.4.3 Hierarchy and Label Stacking
4.4.4 Label Stack Encoding
4.4.5 Loop Detection
4.5 LABEL DISTRIBUTION
PROTOCOLS
4.5.1 LDP
4.5.2 CR-LD
4.5.3 RSVP-TE
4.5.4 Comparison
4.6 SUMMARY
FURTHER READING
5 INTERNETTRAFFIC ENGINEERING
5.1
INTRODUCTION
5.2 THE FISH PROBLEM
5.3 TRAFFIC-ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS
5.4 OPTIMIZATION OBJECTIVES
5.5 BUILDING BLOCKS
5.5.1 Data
Repository
5.5.2 Topology and State Discovery
5.5.3 Traffic Demand Estimation
5.5.4 Route Computation
5.5.5 Network Interface
5.6
TOPOLOGY AND STATE DISCOVERY
5.7 CONSTRAINT-BASED ROUTING
5.7.1 Mathematical Formulation
5.7.2 Overlay Model
5.7.3 Peer Model
5.8 MULTIPATH LOAD SHARING
5.8.1 Direct Hashing
5.8.2 Table-Based Hashing
5.9 SUMMARY
FURTHER READING
CLOSING REMARKS
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
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