General approach with particular consideration to electrochemical plants To order this title, and for more information, click here
By Joseph Riskin, M.Sc. in Chemical Engineering, Ph.D. in Corrosion and Protection of Metals, Consulting (corrosion protection of metals, failure analysis)
Description
Electrocorrosion, the corrosion of metallic constructions by external currents, is the most significant factor in conductive aggressive
environments. Corrosion of underground and underwater metal constructions by stray currents has been comprehensively studied in the past
decades and is considered here only in the form of a review. The primary attention is on corrosion, by external anodic (mainly) and cathodic
currents, of metal constructions in the highly aggressive environments typical for electrochemical plants, where penetration of the external
currents (leakage currents) from the electrolytic baths into metal constructions is unavoidable.
A new approach to the problem
of electrocorrosion protection of passive structural metals is considered in this book, keeping the metals attacked by external
currents in the boundaries of their passive field. The systems, developed in accordance with this approach, are based on the modification
of existing and elaboration of new methods of electrocorrosion protection. These systems take into account corrosion and electrochemical
characteristics of the aggressive media (redox potential, conductivity etc.) and of the passive metal (corrosion and activation potentials,
current density in a passive state, etc) as well as the sizes and distribution character of the external currents.
The book covers
analysis of leakage current distributions in electrochemical plants, their influence, methods to estimate corrosion stability of
metallic structures subject to external currents and presents many concrete examples of the successful introduction of corrosion protection
systems in operating plants.
Audience
University and Industrial Libraries with Research Centers on Corrosion and Materials Science. Chemical, Petrochemical Industries.Metallurgists.
Contents
Preface. Introduction: Corrosion and electric current – 200 years together. 1. Dependence of the corrosion behavior of
metals attacked by an external current on their initial state.
1.1. State of metals in aggressive media in the absence of
attack by external currents 1.2. Polarization of metals 1.3. Attack of external anodic current on actively corroding metals 1.4.
Attack of external anodic current on passive metals 1.5. Attack of external anodic current on thermodynamically stable metals 1.6.
Attack of external cathodic current on metals 1.7. Attack of external alternating current on metals 1.8. External current as a
factor of the aggressiveness of the environment
2. Corrosion and protection of underground and underwater structures attacked
by stray currents.
2.1. Main media, sources of stray currents and objects of their corrosive attack 2.2. Methods of detection
and control of stray currents 2.3. Metal corrosion by stray currents 2.4. Protection of metals against corrosion attack by stray
currents 2.4.1. Measures for reducing stray currents 2.4.2. Protection of underground structures by electrodrainage 2.4.3. Cathodic
protection
3. Operating features of electrochemical plants.
3.1. General characteristics of electrochemical
plants 3.2. Leakages currents in electrochemical plants 3.2.1. Sources of leakage currents, concepts and problems connected with
them 3.2.2. Methods of measuring and controlling of leakage currents 3.2.3. Magnitudes and distribution regularity of leakage currents
along the lines of Electrochemical cells 3.3. Aggressive media
4. Using structural metallic materials in electrochemical
plants without taking into account attack by leakage currents.
4.1. Non-metallic materials 4.2. Traditional metallic
materials 4.3. Experience in the field of titanium application 4.3.1. Preconditions for the application of titanium in electrochemical
plants 4.3.2. Attempts at titanium application in the zones of attack by leakage currents 4.3.3. Preconditions and experience
of titanium application in wet chlorine lines of electrochemical plants 4.3.4. Laboratory and industrial tests of titanium resistance
against crevice corrosion in wet chlorine and in chlorine-saturated water. Comparison of results.
5. Corrosion behavior investigations
of traditional structural metallic materials in electrochemical plant media, taking into account attack by leakage currents.
5.1. Carbon steel in neutral, alkaline and chloride-alkali media 5.1.1. Neutral solutions of salts 5.1.2. Alkaline solutions 5.1.3.
Chloride-alkali solutions 5.2. Stainless steel 18-10 in alkaline and acid media 5.2.1. 50% naoh solution at 120oc; comparison
of corrosion behavior of SS18-10 and of Nickel 5.2.2. Technological solution for producing sodium perborate 5.2.3. Acid sulfate
containing electrolyte for copper electrorefining
6. Corrosion behavior investigations of titanium and its alloys in the
media of electrochemical plants, taking into account the attack by anodic leakage currents.
6.1. Corrosion and electrochemical
characteristics of titanium 6.2. Chloride and chloride-alkali media of chlorine-producing electrochemical plants 6.3. Electrolyte
of copper electrorefining 6.4. Media of nickel electrorefining 6.5. Influence of welding seams and crevices 6.5.1. Welding seams 6.5.2.
Artificial crevices 6.6. Titanium alloys
7. Hydrogenation and corrosion investigations of titanium under attack by an
external cathodic current.
7.1. Conditions of hydrogenation and corrosion of titanium. Methodological features of experiments 7.2.
Investigations in non-stirred nacl solutions 7.3. Investigations under conditions of electrolyte stirring and flowing 7.3.1. Relation
between the corrosion rate of titanium and the accumulation of Oxygen-chlorine compounds in the solution 7.3.2. Two corrosion mechanisms
of hydrogenated titanium 7.4. Welding seams 7.5. Hydrogenation of cathode matrixes in solution of nickel electrorefining 7.5.1.
Electrochemical investigations of combined discharge of nickel and hydrogen ions on titanium 7.5.2. Radiochemical investigations of
titanium hydrogenation in the process of nickel deposition
8. Estimation of corrosion stability of structures made of passive
metals in aggressive media, in the field of an external current.
8.1. Estimation based on the potential value 8.1.1.
Activation potential as an estimation criterion of the passive metal state in the field of an external current 8.1.2. Types of structural
elements in the form of tubes in the field of an external current 8.1.3.Potential and current distribution along structural elements
in the form of tubes 8.1.4. Computation procedure of potential distribution along the internal tube surface with the help of a computer 8.2.
Estimation based on the external current value 8.3. Practical steps and examples of corrosion stability estimation of structures
in the form of tubes of different types 8.4. Significance of the electrochemical characteristics of passive metals for the estimation
and provision of the corrosion stability of metallic structures
9. Electrocorrosion protection of metals in electrochemical
plants based on existing methods.
9.1. Insulating coatings 9.2. Reduction of leakage currents coming from electrochemical
cells 9.2.1. Reduction of leakage currents along electrolyte piping and prevention of current oscillations 9.2.2. Reduction of
leakage currents along piping of wet gases 9.3. Sectionalization of piping made of passive metals 9.4. Possibilities of applying
?traditional? methods of electrochemical protection and their modifications for electrochemical plants 9.4.1. Electrodrainage protection 9.4.2.
Protection by sacrificial anodes for current drainage in chloride electrolysis plants 9.4.3. Protection by sacrificial anodes for
current drainage in electrolysis plants with metal deposition
10. New principles of protection of passive metals against electrocorrosion
in electrochemical plants.
10.1. Protection of metals with the relationship ∆ = (Eox – Ea) < 0, against corrosion
attack by an external anodic current, with the help of dimensionally stable anodes – current leak-offs 10.1.1. Theoretical basis 10.1.2.
Experimental verification of the protection principle 10.2. Corrosion protection with the help of dimensionally stable anodes, oriented
along the field of the external current 10.2.1. Theoretical basis 10.2.2. Investigation of the protection principle 10.3. Protection
of metals against corrosion attack by an external cathodic current 10.4. Protection of metals against corrosion attack by leakage
currents which periodically change their direction 10.5. Protection of metals against corrosion attack by external currents at the
stage of design
11. Electrodes for metal protection against corrosion attack by external currents in electrochemical plants.
11.1. Requirements upon materials of electrodes that are used for protection against corrosion attack by external currents 11.2.
Application of dimensionally stable anodes of commercial electrolysis processes for protection against electrocorrosion 11.2.1. Neutral
and acid chloride-containing media 11.2.2. Chloride-sulfate media 11.3. Anodes for media containing sulfuric acid 11.4. Dimensionally
stable anodes with a coating obtained on the basis of intermetallic compounds produced in electric spark 11.4.1. Preconditions for
the choice of materials and methods of producing the anodes. Test conditions 11.4.2. Investigations in chloride solutions 11.4.3.
Investigations in chloride-alkali solutions 11.5. Stable cathodes 11.5.1. Cathodes for media containing dissolved chlorine and
for chloride media 11.5.2. Titanium cathodes for other aggressive media 11.5.3. Possibilities of increasing the stability of titanium
cathode blanks
12. Industrial tests and the introduction into electrochemical plants of developed methods for the protection
of metals against corrosion attack by leakage currents.
12.1. Protection by sacrificial anodes in electrorefining plants 12.1.1.
Industrial tests 12.1.2. Introduction of protection 12.2. Industrial tests and the introduction of corrosion protection of titanium
structures by anodes – current leak-offs 12.2.1. Industrial tests 12.2.2. Introduction of protection 12.3. Industrial tests
and the introduction of corrosion protection by anodes, oriented along the field of the external current in electrochemical plants 12.3.1.
Industrial tests 12.3.2. Introduction of protection 12.4. Industrial tests of titanium protection against corrosion attack by cathodic
leakage currents with the help of stable cathodes 12.5. Combined protection of metals against corrosion attack by leakage currents 12.6.
Effectiveness and possibilities of using the developed methods of metal protection against electrocorrosion
Books and book related electronic products are priced in US dollars (USD), euro (EUR), and Great Britain Pounds (GBP). USD prices apply to the Americas and Asia Pacific. EUR prices apply in Europe and the Middle East. GBP prices apply to the UK and all other countries.
Home | Elsevier Sites | Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions | Feedback | Site Map | A Reed Elsevier Company