Designing Fast CMOS Circuits To order this title, and for more information, click here
By Ivan Sutherland Robert Sproull David Harris, Harvey Mudd College
Description
Designers of high-speed integrated circuits face a bewildering array of choices and too often spend frustrating days tweaking gates
to meet speed targets. Logical Effort: Designing Fast CMOS Circuits makes high speed design easier and more methodical, providing
a simple and broadly applicable method for estimating the delay resulting from factors such as topology, capacitance, and gate sizes.
The brainchild of circuit and computer graphics pioneers Ivan Sutherland and Bob Sproull, "logical effort" will change the way you
approach design challenges. This book begins by equipping you with a sound understanding of the method's essential procedures and concepts-so
you can start using it immediately. Later chapters explore the theory and finer points of the method and detail its specialized applications.
Contents Contents
1 The Method of Logical Effort
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Delay in a logic gate
1.3 Multi-stage logic networks
1.4 Choosing
the best number of stages
1.5 Summary
1.6 Exercises
2 Design Examples
2.1 The AND function of eight inputs
2.1.1 Calculating
gate sizes
2.2 Decoder
2.2.1 Generating complementary inputs
2.3 Synchronous arbitration
2.3.1 The original circuit
2.3.2 Improving
the design
2.3.3 Restructuring the problem
2.4 Summary
2.5 Exercises
3 Deriving the Method of Logical Effort
3.1 Model of a logic
gate
3.2 Delay in a logic gate
3.3 Minimizing delay along a path
3.4 Choosing the length of a path
3.5 Using the wrong number of
stages
3.6 Using the wrong gate size
3.7 Summary
3.8 Exercises
4 Calculating the Logical Effort of Gates
4.1 Definitions of logical
effort
4.2 Grouping input signals
4.3 Calculating logical effort
4.4 Asymmetric logic gates
4.5 Catalog of logic gates
4.5.1 NAND
gate
4.5.2 NOR gate
4.5.3 Multiplexers, tri-state inverters
4.5.4 XOR, XNOR, and parity gates
4.5.5 Majority gate
4.5.6 Adder carry
chain
4.5.7 Dynamic latch
4.5.8 Dynamic Muller C-element
4.5.9 Upper bounds on logical effort
4.6 Estimating parasitic delay
4.7
Properties of logical effort
4.8 Exercises
5 Calibrating the Model
5.1 Calibration technique
5.2 Designing test circuits
5.2.1
Rising, falling, and average delays
5.2.2 Choice of input
5.2.3 Parasitic capacitance
5.2.4 Process sensitivity
5.3 Other characterization
methods
5.3.1 Data sheets
5.3.2 Test chips
5.4 Calibrating special circuit families
5.5 Summary
5.6 Exercises
6 Asymmetric
Logic Gates
6.1 Designing asymmetric logic gates
6.2 Applications of asymmetric logic gates
6.2.1 Multiplexers
6.3 Summary
6.4 Exercises
7 Unequal Rising and Falling Delays
7.1 Analyzing delays
7.2 Case analysis
7.2.1 Skewed gates
7.2.2 Impact of fl and – on logical
effort
7.3 Optimizing CMOS P=N ratios
7.4 Summary
7.5 Exercises
8 Circuit Families
8.1 Pseudo-NMOS circuits
8.1.1 Symmetric
NOR gates
8.2 Domino circuits
8.2.1 Logical effort of dynamic gates
8.2.2 Stage effort of domino circuits
8.2.3 Building logic in
static gates
8.2.4 Designing dynamic gates
8.3 Transmission gates
8.4 Summary
8.5 Exercises
9 Forks of Amplifiers
9.1 The fork
circuit form
9.2 How many stages should a fork use?
9.3 Summary
9.4 Exercises
10 Branches and Interconnect
10.1 Circuits that
branch at a single input
10.1.1 Branch paths with equal lengths
10.1.2 Branch paths with unequal lengths
10.2 Branches after logic
10.3 Circuits that branch and recombine
10.4 Interconnect
10.4.1 Short wires
10.4.2 Long wires
10.4.3 Medium wires
10.5 A design
approach
10.6 Exercises
11 Wide Structures
11.1 An n-input AND structure
11.1.1 Minimum logical effort
11.1.2 Minimum delay
11.1.3 Other wide functions
11.2 An n-input Muller C-element
11.2.1 Minimum logical effort
11.2.2 Minimum delay
11.3 Decoders
11.3.1
Simple decoder
11.3.2 Predecoding
11.3.3 Lyon-Schediwy decoder
11.4 Multiplexers
11.4.1 How wide should a multiplexer be?
11.4.2
Medium-width multiplexers
11.5 Summary
11.6 Exercises
12 Conclusions
12.1 The theory of logical effort
12.2 Insights from logical
effort
12.3 A design procedure
12.4 Other approaches to path design
12.4.1 Simulate and tweak
12.4.2 Equal fanout
12.4.3 Equal delay
12.4.4 Numerical optimization
12.5 Shortcomings of logical effort
12.6 Parting words
A Cast of Characters
B Reference process
parameters
C Logical Effort Tools
C.1 Library characterization
C.2 Wide gate design
D Solutions
D.1 Chapter 1
D.2 Chapter
2
D.3 Chapter 3
D.4 Chapter 4
D.5 Chapter 5
D.6 Chapter 6
D.7 Chapter 7
D.8 Chapter 8
D.9 Chapter 9
D.10 Chapter 10
D.11 Chapter
11
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Designing Fast CMOS Circuits
