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By
Ivan Oliveira, Centro Brasileiro De Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Roberto Sarthour Jr., Centro Brasileiro De Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Tito Bonagamba, Sao Paulo State University At Sao Carlos, Physics and Computing Science Department Sao Paulo, Brazil
Eduardo Azevedo, Sao Paulo State University at Sao Carlos, Physics and Computing Science Department, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Jair C. C. Freitas, Federal Universitty of Espirito Santo, Brazil
Description
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (QIP) deals with the identification and use of quantum resources for information processing.
This includes three main branches of investigation: quantum algorithm design, quantum simulation and
quantum communication, including
quantum cryptography. Along the past few years, QIP has become one of the most active area of
research in both, theoretical and experimental
physics, attracting students and researchers fascinated, not only by the potential
practical applications of quantum computers, but also
by the possibility of studying fundamental physics at the deepest level of quantum phenomena.NMR Quantum Computation and Quantum
Information Processing describes the fundamentals of NMR QIP, and the main developments which can lead to a large-scale quantum processor.
The text starts with a general chapter on
the interesting topic of the physics of computation. The very first ideas which sparkled
the development of QIP came from basic considerations of the physical processes underlying computational actions. In Chapter 2 it is
made an introduction to NMR, including the hardware and other experimental aspects of the technique. In
Chapter 3 we revise the fundamentals
of Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. The chapter is very much based on the extraordinary book of Michael A. Nielsen and Isaac
L. Chuang, with
an upgrade containing some of the latest developments, such as QIP in phase space, and telecloning. Chapter 4 describes
how NMR
generates quantum logic gates from radiofrequency pulses, upon which quantum protocols are built. It also describes the important
technique of Quantum State Tomography for both, quadrupole and spin
1/2 nuclei. Chapter 5 describes some of the main experiments of quantum
algorithm implementation by NMR, quantum simulation and QIP in phase space. The important issue of entanglement in NMR QIP
experiments
is discussed in Chapter 6. This has been a particularly exciting topic in the literature. The chapter contains a discussion
on the theoretical
aspects of NMR entanglement, as well as some of the main experiments where this phenomenon is reported. Finally, Chapter 7 is an attempt
to address the future of NMR QIP, based in
very recent developments in nanofabrication and single-spin detection experiments. Each chapter
is followed by a number of problems and solutions.
Audience
For senior undergraduate students and graduates. It can also be used as a reference book in
advanced quantum mechanics courses and will
be useful as a reference for research in the area of QIP, and
other correlated areas.
Contents
1. Physics, Information and Computation
1.1 Turing machines, logic gates and computers
1.2 Knowledge, statistics and thermodynamics
1.3 Reversible versus irreversible computation
1.4 Landauer's Principle and the Maxwell demon
1.5 Natural phenomena as
computing processes: the physical limits of computation
1.6 The Moore's law: quantum computation
2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance:
Basics
2.1 General principles
2.2 Interaction with static magnetic fields
2.3 Interaction with a radiofrequency field
- the resonance phenomenon
2.4 Relaxation phenomena
2.5 Density matrix formalism: populations, coherences, and NMR observables
2.6 NMR of non-interacting spins ½
2.7 Nuclear spin interactions
2.8 NMR of two coupled spins ½
2.9
NMR of quadrupolar nuclei
2.10 Density matrix approach to nuclear spin relaxation
2.11 Solid-state NMR
2.12 The experimental
setup
2.13 Applications of NMR in science and technology
3. Fundamentals of Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
3.1 Historical development
3.2 The postulates of quantum mechanics
3.3 Classical and quantum bits
3.4 The computational
basis and quantum logic gates
3.5 Quantum circuits
3.6 Quantum state tomography
3.7 Entanglement and its applications
3.8 Quantum algorithms
3.9 Quantum simulations
3.10 Quantum information in phase space
3.11 Telecloning
4. Introduction to NMR Quantum Computing
4.1 The NMR qubits
4.2 Quantum logic gates generated by radiofrequency pulses
4.3 Production of pseudo-pure states
4.4 Reconstruction of density matrices in NMR quantum computing: Quantum State Tomography
4.5 Monitoring quantum logic operations by Quantum State Tomography
4.6 Evolution of Bloch vectors and other quantities obtained
by tomographed density matrices
4.7 The relaxation problem and source of errors in NMR-QC
5. Implementation of Quantum Algorithms
by NMR
5.1 Numerical simulation of NMR spectra and density matrix calculation along an algorithm implementation
5.2 NMR implementation
of Deutsch and Deutsch-Josza algorithms
5.3 Grover search tested by NMR
5.4 Quantum Fourier transform NMR implementation
5.5 Shor's factorization algorithm tested in a 7-qubit molecule
5.6 Algorithm implementation in quadrupole systems
5.7 NMR
quantum simulation
6. Entanglement in Liquid-State NMR
6.1 The problem of liquid-state NMR entanglement
6.2 The
Peres criterium and bounds for NMR entanglement
6.3 NMR experiments reporting entanglement
7. Perspectives for NMR
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
7.1 Silicon-based proposals: solution for the scaling problem
7.2 NMR quantum information
processing based in Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy
7.3 Single spin detection techniques: solution for the sensitivity problem
7.4 NMR on a chip: towards the NMR quantum chip integration.
Bibliographic & ordering Information
Hardbound, 264 pages, publication date: MAY-2007
ISBN-13: 978-0-444-52782-0
ISBN-10: 0-444-52782-6
Imprint: ELSEVIER
Price: Order form
EUR 121
USD 145
GBP 83
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Last update: 12 Aug 2008
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