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Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Introduction

JID Scope

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology (JID) publishes high impact reports describing original research related to all aspects of cutaneous biology and skin disease. Descriptions of important findings that result from basic, translational, or clinical research are appropriate for submission. Clinical research can include, but is not limited to, interventional trials, genetic studies, epidemiology, and health services research.

The JID places a high priority on publication of new insights into basic cutaneous biology, disease pathogenesis and treatment. Reports that describe a new methodology, technique, or tool in combination with mechanistic insights into the problem that is being investigated are encouraged. It is possible that occasional descriptions of novel technology, methodology, or resources that are of special interest or utility to JID readers could be competitive for publication, even in the absence of new mechanistic insights. Reports describing novel variants in known genes with no new mechanistic data will not be reviewed. Case reports or case series, unless they provide new biologic insights, are rarely appropriate for submission..

Standard features of the Journal include Original Articles, Review Articles, and Letters to the Editor. Perspectives and Commentaries are invited by the Editorial Board. All articles are peer reviewed prior to acceptance and publication, and some invited articles may ultimately not be accepted for publication. Online features enhance JID content, making it more relevant and accessible, especially to non-scientists, trainees, and clinician-educators.

Initial submissions of Original Articles must adhere, in principal, to JID manuscript guidelines but they need not be formatted specifically for the JID. The following sections should be included: Title page, Abstract, Introduction, Results, Discussion (Results and Discussion may be combined), Materials and Methods, Data Availability Statement, ORCiDs, Conflict of Interest Statement, Acknowledgements, Author Contributions Statement (CRediT-compliant), References, Tables, Figure Legends, and Supplementary Material. Figures and figure legends may be inserted directly in the text where they are first referred to. Formatting requirements will be imposed at the time of first revision. Please note: Original Article manuscripts that are determined to significantly exceed JID's suggested word limits, or that do not include all of the elements listed above, may be returned to the authors for revision prior to review.

At the Editor's discretion, submissions may be considered via a newly instituted fast track review process. This could lead to online publication of Original Articles within 30 days of the initial submission. It is anticipated that only a minority of Original Article submissions will undergo fast track review.

Queries can be directed to the Editor at [email protected].

Before you begin

Ethics in Publishing

For information on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see https://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and https://www.elsevier.com/journal-authors/ethics. When addressing issues of publication ethics, JID generally follows the flowcharts published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE; http://www.publicationethics.org).

Scientific Integrity
All submissions to and publications in the JID are assumed to be the product of honest observations. By submission, the first and senior authors take full responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, from inception to the published article. If substantial doubts arise regarding the scientific integrity of any submission or publication it is the responsibility of the Editor to pursue these issues with the author(s). The first and senior authors are responsible for communicating with the editorial office on issues of scientific misconduct or the retraction of a published manuscript, should questions of this type arise. Issues of scientific integrity include but are not limited to duplicate submission and publication, falsification or fabrication of data, and plagiarism. If issues of scientific integrity cannot be resolved with the authors to the satisfaction of the Editor, they will be referred to the institution where the work was done and/or the author's funding agency for further investigation. If the work is deemed to be fraudulent the JID will print a retraction, preferably signed by all authors of the work in question. The editors reserve the right to initiate the retraction of a published manuscript, should it be deemed appropriate. Alternatively, the Editor may choose to print an expression of concern regarding the work, with an explanation.

Human Studies

All clinical investigations must have been approved by the author's Institutional Review Board or Research Ethics Committee, and written informed consent must have been obtained from all patients and control participants. All patients referred to in human studies should be identified by number, not by name. Identifying information should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, or pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) has given written informed consent for publication. In addition, retrospective studies must have Institutional Review Board approval. Approvals and patients' and participants' consent should be stated in the Methods section of the manuscript. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that fail to meet these criteria, and to ask for proof of Institutional Review Board approval.

JID ascribes to NIH's policy on "Consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable in NIH-funded Research." Therefore, as stated in the NIH guidance document, authors should "provide the sex of research subjects and/or materials, when possible. Report when sex differences are, or are not, detected in analyses, as this may be valuable for future research and meta-analysis."

Include a statement affirming that patients consented to publication, if their image or case history is used. For images, this statement should be included at the end of the figure legend.

Animal Studies

All animal studies must be approved by the author's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conducted according to the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals or equivalent guidelines. This should be stated in the Methods section of the manuscript. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that fail to meet these criteria.

JID ascribes to NIH's policy on "Consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable in NIH-funded Research." Therefore, as stated in the NIH guidance document, authors should "provide the sex of research subjects and/or materials, when possible. Report when sex differences are, or are not, detected in analyses, as this may be valuable for future research and meta-analysis."

Conflict of Interest

Upon submission, each author will receive a unique link to an online form on which they will be asked to declare their qualification for authorship and any conflicts of interest. Each author must indicate on this form whether they have financial, equity, patenting, or other relevant relationships or arrangements with a product or sponsor of research that might constitute a conflict of interest. More information on conflict of interest can be found on the form and in The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Sources of support or declared conflicts should be stated in the manuscript. If the authors have no conflict of interest to declare, this should be noted using the standard phrase, "The authors state no conflict of interest." For more information on Conflict of Interest, see also https://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.

Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing

The below guidance only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process.

Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in Elsevier’s AI policy for authors.

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.

Disclosure instructions
Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process’.

Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.

Submission Declaration

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis; see the 'Prior Publication' section below for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the publisher.

Prior Publication

JID considers results to be published if they have appeared in sufficient detail to allow replication, are publicly accessible with a fixed content, and have been validated by peer review. A summary of work in a review, a perspective, a commentary, a newspaper, or magazine article does not constitute prior publication, nor does presentation of data in a Master's or Doctoral thesis or the posting of theses in the candidate's institutional repository. Presentation at a national scientific meeting or a webcast of such a meeting, where the data are not published in full, does not constitute prior publication. In cases where data have been presented in an abstract or thesis, this should be stated in the Acknowledgments. Our guiding principle is that journals should interfere minimally in such exchanges.

Preprint postings on a not-for-profit website such as bioRxiv will not constitute prior publication as it relates to eligibility for consideration for publication in the JID. Although eligibility for consideration for publication in the JID will not be compromised by preprint posting, it is possible that the novelty of any submission could be diminished if widespread publicity is achieved via involvement of media or via other means. Unless required by the authors' funding agency, preprints should be published under a CC-BY-NC-ND license. (For more information about Creative Commons licensing, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Use of inclusive language

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary", "secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.

Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses

Reporting guidance
For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.

Definitions
Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth (""sex assigned at birth""), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms ""sex"" and ""gender"" can be ambiguous—thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.

Authorship Conditions

JID ascribes to the authorship guidelines described in the The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Briefly, each author should have participated sufficiently in the intellectual content of the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of its content. Authorship credit should be based on: 1) conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting or revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content; 3) final approval of the version to be published; 4) agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring the questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All conditions must be met. In addition, any revisions and the final version of any accepted manuscript must be approved by all authors. Upon submission, each author will receive a unique link to an online form on which they will be asked to declare their qualification for authorship as well as any conflicts of interest.

The contributions of those who do not meet these authorship requirements may be noted in the Acknowledgments section of the manuscript.

Group Authorship Policy

JID acknowledges that scientific research has become increasingly complex and that large, international, multi-center and multi-disciplinary clinical and investigational research is increasingly common. This has led to an increasing number of potential authors of and contributors to reports of biomedical research. Therefore, JID follows current ICMJE recommendations concerning the acknowledgment of group authorship. For details, see the ICMJE authorship guidelines. In brief, all individuals named in the byline must meet ICMJE authorship criteria; byline authors are required to complete the Journal's author form, where they should attest to their qualification for authorship and disclose any relevant conflicts of interest. Specific individual contributions should be detailed in the "Author Contributions" section of the manuscript (for details see CRediT). The byline may also include the name of a Group (i.e., working groups, official or self-appointed expert boards, committees, a group of multi-center investigators, etc.); the names and affiliations of the members of that group and their relationship to the work presented should be detailed in the Acknowledgements section of the article. For details about the many permutations group authorship may take, and the preferred format for presenting this in an article's byline, refer to this article in JAMA. If properly identified, all author members of the group, the group name, and nonauthor collaborators will be listed in PubMed.
Group Author details will be included in an Appendix in the main article text, following the Author Contributions section. The following details should be provided: Contributors' full names, institutions, and locations (city, country). List the names of contributors in alphabetical order; follow each name with a footnote (labelled a, b, c, etc.) to the appropriate institution and location, which should be listed sequentially below the list of author names. See the example below.
Appendix 1
Matthew Mareka, Manthoula Tuckerb, Yinghong Lec, Browning Schwarzc, Norris Fishera, Edward Yilmazd, Heidi Chand, Phyllis Brunoa
aDepartment of Medical and Morphological Sciences, Example University, Milan, Italy; bDepartment of Aging, Sample University, New York, NY USA; cDepartment of Dermatology, University of Examples, London, UK; dMedical University of Examples, San Francisco, CA USA

CRediT

JID uses the CRediT taxonomy to define author contributions. All submissions must include an author contribution list that assigns a defined role to each author and indicates whether the author played a lead, equal, or supporting role related to their contribution. The corresponding author will be charged with the responsibility of providing this list and attesting that all authors have reviewed the list and agree that the role designations are correct. A list of the CRediT contributor roles and definitions is provided below. For more information about CRediT, go to https://casrai.org/credit/.

Conceptualization: Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.

Data Curation: Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse.

Formal Analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data.

Funding Acquisition: Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.

Investigation: Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.

Methodology: Development or design of methodology; creation of models.

Project Administration: Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.

Resources: Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.

Software: Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.

Supervision: Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.

Validation: Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.

Visualization: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.

Writing - Original Draft Preparation: Creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).

Writing - Review and Editing: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision - including pre- or post-publication stages.

ORCiDs

The unambiguous identification of individuals who are credited as authors and contributors is essential to effective scientific communication. The JID has favored the use of unique ORCiD identification numbers for submitting authors for several years (Gilchrest and Blalock, 2014). As of January 1, 2019, ORCiD identification numbers are required for all authors publishing in the JID. For more information regarding ORCiD, and to get your own ORCiD identifier, visit https://ORCiD.org.

Corresponding Author Responsibilities

Our submission system allows one author to complete the submission process (i.e., submitting author), while designating another to be the contact author during the review process. A designated corresponding author will receive correspondence concerning the manuscript, if accepted for publication. Upon submission, the corresponding author must complete a License to Publish form. This will be presented within the online submission system. Prior to publication, a Declaration of Conflict of Interest form must be completed by every author. Upon acceptance, the corresponding author will be asked to provide the editorial office with the text of the final, accepted manuscript in a Word (.doc) or other document file and one complete set of digital publication-quality figures. Failure to provide these materials will result in a delay in publication. Author proofs and queries will be sent to the corresponding author by email; these will require a 48-hour turnaround. No substantive changes may be made in the proof stage without the written approval of the Editor.
Journal policy allows up to two individuals to be listed as corresponding authors in published articles. If two corresponding authors are listed, one of these individuals must be designated as a guarantor for the work. The guarantor will be responsible for addressing any concerns that arise post-publication. The name of the guarantor must be included in the Acknowledgments section of the published article. If other authors not listed as corresponding authors are to be addressed concerning particular aspects of the published work, this may be indicated in the Acknowledgments section of the article.

Changes to Authorship

Changes in authorship at any point in the review or publication process must be explained to the Editor in a letter signed by all authors, including by any author being added or deleted. The letter must include the original and the revised authorship lists and the reason for the requested change. Approved author changes requested after publication will result in an erratum.

Authorship Disputes

Authorship disputes will not be handled by the journal; instead, these will be referred to the authors to resolve. If the authors cannot resolve the issue themselves, the journal will recommend that the authors bring the matter to the attention of their institution(s). Any article with a known authorship dispute will be suspended from review or publication, depending on its status.

Registering & Reporting Clinical Trials

The JID welcomes submissions of high quality, well-designed clinical trials that have the potential to change clinical practice. JID is particularly interested in clinical research that elucidates disease mechanisms or the mechanisms of action for new therapies. A clinical trial is "any research project that prospectively assigns human subjects to intervention and comparison groups to study the cause-and-effect relationship between a medical intervention and a health outcome" (ICMJE definition).

All trials submitted to the JID must be 1) prospectively registered and 2) fully reported.

1. Prospective trial registration. The purpose of prospective trial registration is to overcome selective reporting bias. The JID adheres to the principles set out by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) that all clinical trials need to be registered in an approved publicly accessible clinical trial register before patient recruitment begins. A list of ICMJE approved registries can be found here. Studies that register after recruitment has started or after recruitment has been completed will not be considered. The Clinical Trial registration number should be included at the end of the abstract.

2. Full reporting. The purpose of complete reporting is to allow our readers to see exactly what was done in the trial so that if needed, the study could be replicated. Many forms of bias can occur within trials, and how these have been dealt with need to be clearly reported. The JID endorses the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trial (CONSORT) Statement and requires authors to report their clinical trials fully according to the latest revision (currently 2010). Authors are required to indicate using this form where in their manuscript submission the 25 items included in CONSORT 2010 are located, along with a participant flow diagram.

To support full reporting of Clinical Trials, a structured abstract is required.

For details on preparing your RCT for submission, see https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort/.

Copyright

Authors publishing in JID retain copyright in their articles and grant the Society for Investigative Dermatology an exclusive license to publish their work. In return, authors can reuse their own articles in any future published work and post them on their own website. Upon submission of an article, the corresponding author will be asked to complete a 'License to Publish' form.

Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult https://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult https://www.elsevier.com/permissions.

For open access articles: Authors will be asked to complete an 'Exclusive License Agreement' (for more information see https://www.elsevier.com/OAauthoragreement). Permitted third party reuse of open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license (see https://www.elsevier.com/openaccesslicenses).

Author Rights

As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. For more information see https://www.elsevier.com/copyright. Authors publishing in JID retain copyright in their articles and grant the Society for Investigative Dermatology an exclusive license to publish their work. In return, authors can re-use their own articles in any future published work, provided the work is properly referenced.

To obtain formal permission for re-use, click on the "Request Permissions" link associated with the article online.

Self-Archiving

Authors of original research articles are encouraged to submit the accepted, peer-reviewed manuscript to their funding body's archive for public release twelve months after publication. For manuscripts funded by certain funding bodies, the publisher will automatically export to the appropriate deposition service those accepted articles whose authors have indicated relevant support. In addition, authors are encouraged to archive this version in their institution's repositories and on their personal web sites, also twelve months after the original publication. Authors should cite the publication reference and DOI number on any deposited version, and provide a link from it to the published article on the JID website.

Elsevier supports responsible sharing
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.

Role of the Funding Source

Authors should identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. For studies funded by federal agencies or their peer-reviewed equivalent (Wellcome Trust, Howard Hughes Medial Institutes, etc.) it is assumed there was no such involvement, but the sources of all other funding should be explicitly stated not to have involvement, provided that is the case.

Open access

Please visit our Open Access page for more information about open access publishing in this journal.

Authors of research articles can choose to pay an article processing charge to publish their accepted articles open access (i.e., free to all readers, regardless of whether they have a subscription) online immediately upon publication. Please note that the open access article processing charge is in addition to any standard publication charges. By paying this charge authors are also permitted to post the final, published PDF of their article on a website, institutional repository, or other free public server immediately upon publication. For more information on Open Access charges and other fees, see the related table.

Regardless of how you choose to publish your article, the journal will apply the same peer review criteria and acceptance standards.

The publisher will contact the corresponding author about Open Access options after manuscript acceptance.

Language (Usage and Editing Services)

Authors may receive criticism from referees or editors about English-language usage in their manuscripts. Grammatical errors may distract readers from your scientific message and may lead to less favorable reviews. To reduce the likelihood of this possibility, we encourage authors who are not native speakers of English to enlist a native English speaking colleague to review their manuscript for clarity. When this is not possible, authors may wish to use an editing service such as one of those listed below. The use of such services is at the authors' expense and does not guarantee that articles will be accepted. While the services listed below have been vetted, other commercial editing services may be employed instead. JID cannot accept responsibility for the interaction between authors and service providers or for the quality of the work performed.

Suggested Services:

Manuscript Preparation

Authors are encouraged to read JID's Editorial Policies before submitting their work. All submissions must comply with these policies. For details about manuscript preparation, see the "Preparation" section below. JID requires electronic submission of manuscripts. For assistance with the site, contact ScholarOne Manuscripts at +1 434-964-4100. For questions regarding your submission, contact the Editorial Office at [email protected]. You will need the information below to complete your online submission. Submissions are dated according to receipt of all items listed below. No editorial decision will be communicated to the authors until the submission is complete.

Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by email.

Please submit your article via https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jid.

Peer Review

JID employs ScholarOne Manuscripts to conduct single-blinded peer review (the identity of peer reviewers is kept confidential). Authors may suggest the invitation or exclusion of up to four reviewers at the time of submission. The journal will take these recommendations into consideration; however, the final decision regarding reviewers lies with the Editor. Submissions that will not be fully peer reviewed generally receive a decision within 5 days. Fully peer-reviewed submissions are evaluated by at least two reviewers, one of whom will be a JID Editorial Board member; most will receive a decision within an average of 30 days.

Manuscripts are considered privileged information. Reviewers and editors are instructed to declare any personal or financial conflict of interest on the review forms, and they are expected to maintain confidentiality of a manuscript's contents. Further information about reviewing for JID can be found in our Reviewer Guidelines. Final decisions on submitted manuscripts are made by the Editor-in-Chief or a designated editor without relevant conflicts of interest. Editors will recuse themselves from the review of submissions by authors with whom they have relevant personal or research relationships and by authors from their home department and institution.

Editors-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board are not prevented from submitting manuscripts to their own journals. The Journal strives to ensure that editorial consideration and peer review of such manuscripts is done transparently and rigorously. Editors-in-Chief and Editorial Board members do not participate in the peer-review or decision-making for their own submissions, and they are not allowed access to the details related to the review of their own submissions. A deputy Editor without relevant conflicts of interest will conduct the peer review and make the final decision when manuscripts are submitted by the Editor-in-Chief.

Revisions

Revised manuscripts are due within 60 days of receipt of the decision letter. Manuscripts not received within this time will be dated and treated as new submissions. Revisions will be returned to the original reviewers, and new reviewers will be enlisted at the discretion of the Editor. Not all revised manuscripts will be accepted. Any extension must be requested in writing to [email protected] and may be granted at the discretion of the Editor. All revised submissions are run through the iThenticate plagiarism checking software. For more information about plagiarism and the use of iThenticate, see the editorial. If, after reconsideration, the manuscript is not suitable for publication with only minor editorial changes, it must be resubmitted as a new manuscript to be reconsidered.

Submitting a Revision
Revision Checklist. To facilitate a favorable review of your revised submission, and to avoid unnecessary delays if your manuscript is accepted for publication, refer to our revision checklist and ensure that all items are addressed.

Underline Changes. All changes made in a revised manuscript must be underlined. This will help reviewers locate the changes that correspond with your point-by-point response. Please note in your cover letter if the changes are so extensive (i.e., more than 75% of the document) that it would be unreasonable to underline the changes.

Responses to Editors and Reviewers. Responses to reviewers and editors should be included as a text (.doc or .docx) file with the manuscript files and named "Response to Reviewers." When uploading to the submission system, designate the file type as "Cover Letter." Your responses should also be included in the spaces provided in the online system.

Rebuttals
Editorial decisions are rarely reversed. Authors with serious concerns about potential scientific errors in the review process may send a rebuttal letter to the editor at [email protected]. Only written appeals will be considered.

Rejected manuscripts may be resubmitted for consideration only with explicit permission of the Editor and if significant new data are presented. In such cases, the submission will be given a new manuscript number and date of receipt, and it will be treated as a new manuscript.

ORCiD Identifiers

In 2014, the JID began accepting author Open Researcher and Contributor IDs (ORCiD). ORCiD is a non-profit organization dedicated to solving the long-standing name ambiguity problem in scholarly communication by creating a central registry of unique identifiers for individual researchers and an open, transparent linking mechanism between ORCiD and other current author identifier schemes. To learn more about ORCiD, please visit http://www.orcid.org.

Medical Writers

The journal allows the participation of medical writers in the preparation of manuscripts. The role of the medical writer and the identity of the entity that paid for this assistance should be disclosed in the Acknowledgments section of the manuscript.

Statistical Guidelines

The standard error of the mean should be presented only when the intent is to quantify the precision of the sample mean as an estimate of the population mean. The standard deviation should be presented when the intent is to present a descriptive statistic about the sample or an estimate of the population standard deviation. As much as possible, summaries in tables and figures should indicate the sample sizes upon which they are based. For more guidance on statistical methods, refer to the New England Journal of Medicine Instructions to Authors.

Archiving

The Editorial Office will retain an electronic file of each manuscript and related correspondence for 12 months following the final editorial decision, or, in the case of accepted manuscripts, publication.

Announcements

Brief announcements of scientific meetings, availability of fellowship grants, and awards for research relevant to the readership will be published at the discretion of the Editor. Announcements must reach the editorial office at least 8 weeks before their anticipated publication. In general, announcements will be published only once.

Preparation

Fees

 - JID Fees Table

General
Manuscripts should be concise, economical of references, figures and tables, and formatted as described below. Reports of investigative studies should be organized as follows. Details about each section are provided in the instructions that follow. The text should be submitted as a .doc or .docx file (not a .pdf). Manuscripts that do not conform to these specifications will be returned to the authors for correction.

How to Format Your Manuscript for Submission to JID
Language: English (US spelling preferred)

Font: 12-point, Times New Roman

Line Spacing: Double-spaced throughout

Margins: One inch (2.5 cm) on all sides

Page Numbers: Use page numbers; start with the title page as page 1. Begin a new page for References, Tables, and Figure Legends.

Line Numbers: Do not number lines of text.

Order of Sections: Title page, Abstract, Introduction, Results, Discussion (Results and Discussion may be combined into one section), Materials & Methods, Conflict of Interest, Acknowledgements, References, Tables, Figure Legends, Supplementary Material.

Heading Styles: First level: ALL CAPS, BOLD; Second level: Sentence Case, Bold Underline; Third level: Sentence Case, Bold Italics

Figure Legends: Provide both a brief, overall title and a detailed legend of 125 words or fewer. The figure title must not refer to individual panels, but describe the overall figure. The legend should describe individual panels in detail.

File Types: Text: Word (.doc or .docx); separate image (.tif, .jpg., .eps, .pdf, or Microsoft Office) Click here for more info on acceptable figure file formats.

Article Types and Suggested Word Limits

Below please find requirements, and suggested word, figure, and reference limits for articles submitted to JID. Word limits exclude the abstract, references, figure legends, tables, and supplemental data. They include in-text citations.

Original Article:
Present original research.
Investigative studies should be organized as follows: Title page, Abstract, Introduction, Results, Discussion (Results and Discussion may be combined), Materials & Methods, Data Availability Statement, ORCiDs, Conflict of Interest Statement, Acknowledgments, Author Contributions Statement (CRediT-compliant), References, Tables, Figure Legends. Suggested word limit: 3,500; Abstract word limit: 200; Reference limit: none; Suggested maximum number of figures and/or tables: 6.

Letter to the Editor:
Report original data or discuss published articles. Word and figure limits are enforced for Letters; submissions that do not comply with these guidelines will be returned to the authors for revision before they are reviewed. Letters should be organized as follows: Title page, Letter, Data Availability Statement, ORCiDs, Conflict of Interest Statement, Acknowledgments, Author Contributions Statement (CRediT-compliant), References, Tables, Figure Legends. Suggested word limit: 1,000; Abstract: none; however, be prepared to enter a brief summary in the abstract space in the online submission system; Reference limit: 10; Maximum number of figures and/or tables: 2; Total printed page limit: 3.

Randomized Clinical Trial:
Submissions must comply with the CONSORT requirements, including the CONSORT checklist and flow diagram; Suggested word limit: 3,500; Abstract word limit: 200 (a structured abstract is required. See the CONSORT guidelines for details at https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort-abstracts/); Reference limit: none; Suggested maximum number of figures and/or tables: 6.

Review Article:
Comprehensive, scholarly, and balanced, presenting an expert curation of the literature in the topic of interest. Consult the Editor at [email protected] before submission. Include an abstract or outline, the proposed author list with institutions, and a list of the authors' relevant publications to support your proposal.
Suggested word limit: 4,000; Abstract word limit: 100; Reference limit: none; Suggested maximum number of figures and/or tables: 2. For full guidance see this link

News & Perspectives Commentary:
Authors are invited to submit commentaries on topics of immediate interest to the scientific community and to the JID readership.
Word limit: up to 2,000; No abstract; Reference limit: 10; Maximum number of figures and/or tables: 2. For full guidance, see this link.

Cover Letter
The cover letter may summarize the research being reported and describe its importance and relevance to JID's audience.

Submission Checklist

Submissions must include:
  1. One-page cover letter (optional).
  2. License to Publish form, signed by the corresponding author. (This form will be presented within the submission system.)
  3. Authorship form, signed by all authors. (This form will be presented within the submission system, and an email will be sent to all authors requesting they complete it.)
  4. Text file (.doc or .docx).
  5. Figure files (.tif, .eps, or .ppt), if the submission includes figures.
  6. You will be asked to enter an email address for every author; have this information ready.
  7. Graphical Abstract (for Original Articles, if desired).
  8. ORCiDs for all authors. For more information about ORCiD, see https://orcid.org/ and the related Editorial [https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(18)31983-3/fulltext].
  9. Declaration of each author's contribution to the submitted work using the CRediT taxonomy. For more information about CRediT, see https://www.casrai.org/credit/ and the related editorial [https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(18)31983-3/fulltext].
  10. Non-Refundable Manuscript Submission Fee of $50 (payable at time of submission; credit card, check number, or purchase order number required).

Title Page

The title page should include the following:
  • Brief, informative title of 120 characters or fewer (brand names may not be used in the title)
  • Authors' full names, ORCID, (required for all authors as of 1 January 2019; for more information, see https://orcid.org/), departments, and institutions (indicate affiliations numerically with numbers placed after authors' names and before the institutions);
  • All authors’ emails are required by our electronic submission system. Have these ready at the time of submission;
  • City, state and country in which the work was done;
  • Corresponding author's address, telephone, fax, and email (email address required);
  • Short title of 45 characters or fewer, including spaces;
  • Abbreviations used (see below for detail on abbreviations)

Abstract

  • Do not exceed the stated word limit;
  • Briefly summarize the background, purpose, results and conclusions of the study, in that order, without headings;
  • Do not include nonstandard abbreviations, acknowledgments of support, or refer to footnotes or references;
  • Write with a general scientific audience in mind;
  • Brand names may not be used in the abstract;
  • For Letters to the Editor, enter a brief summary of the major findings in the required abstract space in the submission system; otherwise, an Abstract is not required for Letters to the Editor;
  • For Randomized Clinical Trials, a structured abstract is required. For details, refer to the CONSORT guidelines for abstracts.

Optional Graphical Abstract

A graphical abstract is optional for Original Articles, but its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 31 x 1328 pixels (h x w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 x 13 cm using a regular screen resolution fo 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts here. Name the file "Graphical_Abstract". The Graphical Abstract can be a figure that also appears in the article. In this case, authors should upload the figure twice: once as the graphical abstract and once as the manuscript figure.

Introduction
Begin with a brief introductory statement that places the work to follow in historical perspective and explains its intent and significance.

Results and Discussion
In the Results section, briefly present the experimental data in text, tables, or figures. The Discussion should focus on the interpretation and significance of the findings with concise, objective comments that describe their relation to other work in the area. Do not repeat information from the Results. Results and Discussion may be presented separately or combined into a single section.

Materials and Methods
Readers should be able to fully understand and reproduce the experiments described from the information in the Materials and Methods section, Figure Legends, Table footnotes, and References, in conjunction with the Supplementary Material. The Materials and Methods section may be abbreviated if details are provided in the Supplementary Material. However, the main text of the article must stand on its own as a comprehensible document without the Supplemental Material. The manufacturer's name and location (city, state if within the US; city, country if outside the US) should be provided for materials that were purchased. This would normally include the identity (chemical formula) of all reagents employed. Unique non-proprietary reagents that are utilized (e.g., cells, DNA, antibodies) and instruments created for surveys of accepted articles must be made freely available to qualified scientists. Only under this condition is the information useful to the scientific community, and only in this way can results be reproduced by other scientists.

Human Studies
Manuscripts reporting human studies must include a statement that all human studies were approved by the authors' Institutional Review Board and affirming that patients gave their written, informed consent. Reports of Clinical Trials must conform to the Editorial Policies concerning the registration and reporting of Clinical Trials. Submissions that do not comply with these specifications will be returned to the authors for correction prior to review.

Animal Studies
Manuscripts reporting animal studies must include a statement that the authors' institution approved the studies and that they were conducted according to the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals or equivalent guidelines.

Data Availability Statement

The JID seeks to enable researchers and facilitate research progress. To that end, primary research data should be made available free of charge to all researchers wherever possible and with minimal reuse restrictions. All JID submissions must include a "Data Availability Statement" section that follows the Materials & Methods section of the manuscript. Authors should describe the availability of the minimal dataset that would be necessary to interpret, replicate and build upon the current submission. It is expected that large datasets (such as, but not limited to, gene expression arrays, SNP arrays, proteomic datasets, high throughput sequencing and GWAS data) will be deposited in recognized public repositories (such as, but not limited to, GenBank and EMBL for DNA and RNA sequences, Protein Databank for molecular models, GEO and Array Express for MIAME-compliant microarray data, etc.), and that datasets will be accessible at the time of online publication. Authors should choose the most appropriate data repository based on data type and standard practices of the field. If no specific database exists, we encourage authors to deposit data in an appropriate publicly available repository, such as Mendeley. For clinical trial submissions, the Data Availability Statement should comply with the ICMJE Data Sharing requirement: indicate what data will be shared, to whom it will be accessible, and when, how, and where that data will be made available; an accession number should also be included. If data cannot be shared for legal or ethical reasons or if there are embargoes on datasets, authors must inform the editors at the time of submission and explain the restrictions on the dataset or materials. Restrictions on data accessibility may prevent publication of related submissions. Failure to comply with this policy will trigger retraction of the manuscript from consideration by the Journal.

The "Data Availability Statement" should be presented as follows: "Datasets related to this article can be found at [URL/s linked to dataset/s], hosted at [Name of repository] (Citation to dataset)."

Example:
Datasets related to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/fhvsfjx7j6.1, an open-source online data repository hosted at Mendeley Data (Chen and Maloof, 2017).

If no datasets were generated or analyzed, the authors should state "No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study."

It is also essential that researchers be credited for sharing their research data. Therefore, authors must appropriately acknowledge datasets they access as they perform their work. Citations of such data sets should be presented in the "References" section, and they should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so it can properly be identified as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in published articles.

Example:
[dataset] Barnett CL, Beresford NA, Walker LA, Baxter M, Wells C, Copplestone D. Element and radionuclide concentrations in representative species of the ICRP's reference animals and plants and associated soils from a forest in North-west England, NERC - Environmental Information, 2013, Data Centre http://dx.doi.org/10.5285/e40b53d4-6699-4557-bd55-10d196ece9ea

ORCiDs
The unambiguous identification of individuals who are credited as authors and contributors is essential to effective scientific communication. ORCiD identification numbers are required for all authors publishing in the JID. For more information regarding ORCiD, and to get your own ORCiD identifier, visit https://ORCiD.org.


Conflict of Interest Statement
Financial or personal involvements that pose a potential duality of interest for authors should be clearly disclosed in the manuscript under the heading "Conflict of Interest." If no conflicts exist, please use the standard phrase, "The authors state no conflict of interest." Upon submission, all authors will be asked to complete and sign a Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form. Please note: The link to this form is for informational purposes. The required form will be presented within the submission system, and an email will be sent to all authors requesting they complete it.

Acknowledgments

A note of acknowledgment is appropriate recognition for contributors who provided help during the research but whose contributions do not qualify them as authors. For details on authorship, see the Authorship section.

Author Contributions Statement

JID uses the CRediT taxonomy to define author contributions. All submissions must include an author contribution list that assigns a defined role to each author and indicates whether the author played a lead, equal, or supporting role related to their contribution. The corresponding author will be charged with the responsibility of providing this list and attesting that all authors have reviewed the list and agree that the role designations are correct. For more information about CRediT, see the CRediT section above, or go to https://www.casrai.org/credit/.

References

The journal's EndNote page can be found here: https://endnote.com/style_download/journal-of-investigative-dermatology/.

Details about the JID reference style can be found here.

References should be listed alphabetically on a separate page at the end of the manuscript. List the first 6 authors, followed by et al if there are more. If necessary, further sort the list chronologically. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a," "b," "c," etc. placed after the year of publication. To save space, the citation of appropriate recent review articles is encouraged. Only published articles, published abstracts, and manuscripts in press should be cited in the references. Any references listed as "in press" should be submitted with the manuscript for the reviewers' reference. For details, see the table below:Reference format table

Footnotes

Any citations to unpublished works or preprints must be shown as footnotes, not in the reference list. Footnotes should be presented in parentheses in the text.

Tables

Create tables in an editable format. Include them in your text file. Tables should be self-explanatory and not duplicate content from the text. Present one table per page. Number tables sequentially (1, 2, 3) and cite them in chronological order in the text. Each table should include an informative title. Provide the description of the experiment, definition of columns or abbreviations, etc. in footnotes to the title and table contents. Label footnotes 1, 2, 3, etc. Define errors in the table by a footnote, e.g., "mean +/- SD" or "mean +/-SEM". Check that the data in the tables are consistent with those cited in the relevant papers in the text, totals add up correctly, and percentages have been calculated correctly. If possible, limit each table to a maximum of one page. (The editor reserves the right to move large tables to e-pages or supplementary material.) See example Table below.
Sample table

Figures

Figures should be intelligible without reference to the text and should complement the text. Figures should be labeled sequentially (1, 2, 3) and cited in the text. Figures should be submitted as individual image (.eps, .tif, .ppt) files, not as .pdfs.

Artwork Guidelines
Detailed guidelines for submitting artwork for publication can be found in the artwork instructions. Submit production quality artwork with your initial submission. Please note: file size limitations may require that publication-quality figures be compressed for submission and peer review purposes.

Appropriate Conduct Concerning Images
  • No specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced.
  • Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if they are applied to the whole image, and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original.
  • The grouping of images from different parts of the same gel, or from different gels, fields, or exposures must be made explicit by arrangement of the figure (i.e., using dividing lines) and in the text of the figure legend.
  • If the original data cannot be supplied by the author upon request, the acceptance of the manuscript may be revoked.
  • Refer to the article "What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation" by Rossner and Yamada (J Cell Biol 166:11-15, 2004) for details.


Figure Titles & Legends
Present the figure title (a brief, overall description of the figure) in the legend that is included in the text. Do not put the title on the figure. Legends should explain how an experiment was done and identify parts of the figure (i.e., a, b, c); they should not interpret the figure. Indicate the meaning of all symbols, keys and abbreviations used in the figure. Error bars should be defined in the legend as "mean +/- SD" or "mean+/-SEM." If you use SEM give n for each point.

Figure Sizing
Figures must be supplied at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. Submit artwork of exact column measurements and crop out unnecessary areas (1 column = 87.50mm; 2 columns = 180mm). Most figures should be presented at 1 column width (or quarter page in size). Illustrative elements (figure/tables) are limited to ¼ page each (approx 87.5 mm x 115 mm). Authors may supply fewer, larger elements (i.e., for an original article three ½-page figures may be presented rather than six 1/4-page figures — or any combination that results in no more than 1 ½ pages of figures and tables). In addition, 500 words of text may be substituted for one figure, or vice versa.

Figure Labeling
Figure parts should be noted as a, b, c, etc., in lower case Ariel font. Place labels in the white space above or beside the image. Use uniform lettering and sizing to ensure that labels are legible if figures must be re-sized.

Line Drawings
Line drawings should be supplied at 600 dpi. Drawings should have clear, uniform lines of thickness. Curves should be smooth. Use 3-dimensional graphs only to present a third dimension of data. Label axes parallel to the axis. Labels must be clearly legible. Color may be used in charts and graphs. If using black and white, bar graphs should use a patterned print (not shades of gray).

Photomicrographs
A scale bar (not magnification) must be placed on micrographs. Indicate the scale in the legend only, e.g., "scale bar = mm". Place labels in the white space above or beside the image.

Figure Formats
For help with electronic artwork, go to https://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Some highlights are provided below.
  • Artwork created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) should be supplied "as-is" in its native document format.
  • For all other applications, "save as" or convert images to one of the following formats (note resolution requirements):
    • EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings, embed all used fonts
    • TIFF (or JPEG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones), keep to a minimum of 300 dpi
    • TIFF (or JPEG): Bitmapped (pure black & white pixels), line drawings, keep to a minimum of 1000 dpi
    • TIFF (or JPEG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale), keep to a minimum of 500 dpi
    • DO NOT Optimize for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these have a low number of pixels and a limited set of colors.
    • Embed the used fonts if the application provides that option.

Preprint references
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.

Permissions

If you include previously published or copyrighted material in your manuscript, obtain written permission from the copyright owner to reproduce the material in both print and electronic formats and submit this authorization with the manuscript. This applies to quotes, illustrations, and other materials taken from previously published works not in the public domain. The original source should be cited (if reprinting a figure or table, the citation should appear in the figure legend or table footnote).

Abbreviations

Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote placed on the title page. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article. Terms used more than five times may be abbreviated and listed with their abbreviations on the title page. Abbreviations not listed in the Standard or Recommended Abbreviations should conform to those listed in Scientific Style & Format, 8th ed. (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL USA, 2014). Capitalize trade names, but use generic names if possible. Trade names may not be used in the title or abstract. The trivial names of chemicals may be used if the formal chemical name is given with the first use of the trivial name.

Reporting on Cell Line Use

JID ascribes to the guidelines provided by the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR; http://www.aacrjournals.org/site/AuthServCtr/cell_line_auth.xhtml), which state that if cell lines were used in research, a statement addressing the following points must be included in the Materials & Methods section of the manuscript:
  • From where and when the cells were obtained
  • Whether the cell lines have been tested and authenticated
  • The method by which the cells were tested for mycobacterial or other contamination and for DNA mutations
  • How and when the cells were last tested
If cells were obtained directly from a cell bank that performs cell line characterizations and passaged in the user's laboratory for fewer than 6 months after receipt or resuscitation, re-authentication is not required. In these cases, the author should include the method of characterization used by the cell bank.

Provide the Sex of Research Subjects/Animals

JID ascribes to NIH's policy on "Consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable in NIH-funded Research.” Therefore, as stated in the NIH guidance document, authors should "provide the sex of research subjects and/or materials, when possible. Report when sex differences are, or are not, detected in analyses, as this may be valuable for future research and meta-analysis.”

Supplementary Material

JID accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance scientific publication. Supplementary text, tables, and figures will be typeset and incorporated into the online article ("e-Appended Pages"). Supplementary files offer the author an opportunity to publish supporting applications, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips, and more ("e-Components"). At the Editor's discretion, large tables, data sets, etc. may be published as supplementary data. The main text must be complete and self-explanatory without the supplementary information. Guidelines for Preparing e-Appended Pages Supplementary information that can be typeset (i.e., text, tables, figures) will be presented as e-appended pages. This format has the advantage of allowing this material to be copyedited and proofed prior to publication. In addition, e-appended pages will automatically pull into both the HTML and PDF versions of the published article, allowing readers easier access to this material. For publication purposes, all material associated with e-appended pages must be supplied as individual files and named as follows: JID-2020-XXXX-TableS1.doc, JID-2020-XXXX-FigS1.tif, JID-2020-XXXX-SupplementaryText.doc. When uploading these files, use the "Supplementary e-Pages" file tag. The cost of publishing e-appended pages is $40 per page. Guidelines for Preparing Supplementary Files that Cannot Be Typeset (e-Components) Supplementary materials that cannot be typeset (i.e., videos, audio files, spreadsheets) will publish online with your article in the format in which they were supplied. Provide titles for each component and include a figure title and legend for each figure and a title for each table. These files are not copyedited by the journal, so please ensure that they are clearly and succinctly presented, and that the terminology conforms to the rest of the report. When uploading e-components, use the "supplementary data" file tag. Publication may be delayed if these guidelines are not followed. For more detailed information, refer to the artwork instruction pages at https://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. If it is necessary to publish supplemental figures, tables, and text in this format, they should be compiled into a single .pdf. The charge for publishing these supplemental files is $125 for the first file and $75 per file thereafter.

After acceptance

Embargo Policy

All articles accepted for publication in JID are embargoed until the date of online publication.

For Original Articles and Letters to the Editor, both of which are published online before copyediting and typesetting, the following guidelines apply. The publication of the accepted manuscript online is an official publication of a JID article. It is a .pdf of the accepted version of an article, before copyediting, typesetting, or proofing. Original Articles and Letters to the Editor are only embargoed until the accepted manuscript version is published online. In general, this will be 2-4 business days following export of the accepted article to the publisher, although this may vary.

Reviews and Perspectives are embargoed until the date of online publication of the copyedited, typeset, and proofed version of the article. Editorial material (commentaries, editorials, etc.) is embargoed until the day of online release of the issue in which it is published.

Availability of Accepted Article

JID makes Original Articles and Letters to the Editor available online as soon as possible after acceptance by publishing the accepted article (both in HTML and PDF format), which has not yet been copyedited, typeset or proofread. A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is assigned, thereby making the articles fully citable and searchable by title, author name(s), and the full text. The article carries a disclaimer stating that it is an unedited article. Subsequent production stages will replace this version. The same DOI will be used for all versions.

Use of the Digital Object Identifier

The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string that is permanently assigned to a document by the publisher upon initial electronic publication. The DOI is an ideal medium for citing articles in press, because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. When you use a DOI to create links to documents on the web, the DOIs are guaranteed never to change. Example of a correctly formatted DOI (in URL format): http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/JID.2015.386.

Proofs

One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by email to the corresponding author, or a link will be provided in the email so that authors can download the files themselves. Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download the free Adobe Reader, version 9 (or higher). Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs (also given online). The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return them to Elsevier in an email. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and scan the pages and return via email. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.

Offprints

The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a personalized link providing 50 days' free access to the final published version of the article on ScienceDirect. This link can also be used for sharing via email and social networks.

Publication Charges

Pages are billed at $150 per printed page, and there are no additional fees for color. Supplemental data files are charged at $125 for the first file and $75 per file thereafter. Supplementary information that can be typeset (i.e., text, tables, figures) will be presented as e-Appended pages. e-Appended pages will be charged at $40 per page. Authors are invoiced upon final print/online publication. JID does not make the payment of page charges a condition for acceptance of a manuscript for publication. In extraordinary cases, upon appeal by the author before submission of the article, the Editor may waive page charges. Requests should be made in writing to [email protected]. In considering author requests, the JID refers to the Research4Life guidelines. Only requests by authors from countries included in Groups A (eligible for full waiver) and B (eligible for 50% waiver) will be considered.

Author Inquiries

You can track your submitted article at https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jid. You can track your accepted article at https://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle. Or, contact the Editorial Office at [email protected] (Phone: 919-932-0140). You are also welcome to contact Customer Support via https://service.elsevier.com.