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INTRODUCTION

JACC: Asia, an open access journal, promotes and leverages the clinical research discoveries in cardiovascular medicine to lead the prevention of diseases and improvement on prognosis to ultimately advance the field. With an orientation towards Asian-population-focused cardiovascular problems, cross-disciplinary studies where Asia holds a competitive edge, and comparative studies between Asia and the rest of the world, the Journal has a focus of clinical research which includes randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and registries. Manuscripts on basic science with a strong clinical translational component are also welcome. Regardless of types of manuscripts, all articles addressing the concerns on the clinical front are desirable. JACC: Asia specifically features manuscripts on cutting-edge technology, to encompass newly developed clinical devices and techniques, as well as translational medicine attempts and Guidelines, consensus on Asian population, and Zoom-in. Specific article types can be found below.

While we encourage Asian-focused research topics, there is no compulsory requirement on the nationality of authors or location of the medical research. As long as the publication provides a justifiable perspective that facilitates the understanding, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases among Asian populations with educational meaning, the paper will be considered appropriate for this journal.

All manuscripts must be submitted online at https://www.jaccsubmit-jaccasia.org.

Manuscript submissions should conform to the guidelines set forth in the “Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (ICMJE Recommendations),” available online at www.icmje.org recommendations and most recently updated in December 2019.

English language support service: Upon request, Elsevier will direct authors to an agent who can check and improve the English quality of their paper (before submission). Please contact [email protected] for further information.

ARTICLE TYPES

Original Research Papers
The Editors will consider original investigation manuscripts that have strong clinical relevance.
  • The manuscripts should be ≤5,000 words (including text, references, and figure legends).
  • Authors: No more than two corresponding authors; no more than two joint authors in any position.
  • Abstract: Structured with the following headings and no more than 250 words: Background, Objectives, Methods, Results and Conclusions. The abstract should present essential data in 5 paragraphs. Use complete sentences. All data in the abstract also must appear in the manuscript texts or tables.
  • Results: Please report all p values to three digits after the decimal point.
  • Study limitations (required): Please include the limitations of your investigation at the end of the discussion section of your manuscript.
  • Figure/Table Limit: None.
  • Central Illustration: Required (See Manuscript content section for more information about Central Illustrations).
  • Clinical Perspectives: Required (See Manuscript content section for more information about Clinical Perspectives).
  • Ethical Approval (required): Please denote that your study received proper ethical oversight in both your cover letter and Methods section. For manuscripts reporting data on human subjects, note institutional review board/ethics committee approval (or formal review and exemption), including the specific name of the board or committee. For studies involving animal experiments, note that the study complied with all institutional and national requirements for the care and use of laboratory animals and, if applicable, received approval from an animal care and use committee approval. State the animal-handling protocol in your Methods.

State-of-the-Art Reviews
The Editors will consider both invited and uninvited review articles. Reviews may concern either clinical or laboratory science topics. Reviews provide a comprehensive summary of research on a certain topic, and a perspective on the state of cardiovascular medicine, including pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, prognosis, disease treatment, preventative management focusing on Asian population, etc. Authors should detail in their cover letters how their submission differs from existing reviews on the subject.
  • Papers should be ≤8,000 words (including text, references, and figure legends).
  • Authors: No more than two corresponding authors; no more than two joint authors in any position
  • Abstract: Unstructured and no more than 150 words
  • Figure Limit: None
  • Table Limit: None
  • Central Illustration: Required
  • Highlights: Required (See Manuscript content section for more information about Highlights)
  • Clinical Perspectives: Not applicable

Clinical Recommendations on Asian Populations
JACC: Asia Clinical Recommendations documents are a condensed interpretation of the literature and most up-to-date, relevant ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guidelines for specific cardiovascular Asian patient populations. These submissions will be commissioned by the Editors from a panel of clinical subject matter experts to inform our readership on topics where the evidence base is incomplete or controversial for a specific patient population. These reports are intended to reflect a scientific panel's consensus and include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on available scientific evidence.
  • Abstract: unstructured and no more than 150 words
  • Word limit: 10,000, including references and figure legends
  • Figure Limit: None
  • Table Limit: None
  • Central Illustration: Not required
  • Highlights/Perspectives: Not required
  • Supplemental material: Permitted

Cutting-Edge Technology
This article type is intended to present advanced or novel clinical devices, techniques, and translational medicine attempts, especially those are still in the laboratory phase or clinical trials (i.e., big animal experiment, first in man, pilot study, feasibility study, etc.). Papers will be considered eligible to this journal as long as relevant ethical concerns and conflicts of interest are fully addressed in detailed description in the paper. Papers focusing on the application of those technologies and devices in human health, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, monitoring as well as within nursing and rehabilitation (e.g., artificial intelligence) will be considered eligible.
  • Word count: No more than 2,000 words, including references and figure legends
  • Abstract: Unstructured and no more than 150 words, stressing novelty and clinical implications
  • Authors: No more than 10; no joint authorship permitted
  • References: No more than 10
  • Figures/Tables: No more than two figures or concise tables in no more than two parts and spanning no more than one page
  • Central Illustration: Not applicable
  • Clinical Perspectives: Not applicable
  • Supplemental Material: Not permitted
  • Ethical Approval (required): Please denote that your study received proper ethical oversight in both your cover letter and Methods section. For manuscripts reporting data on human subjects, note institutional review board/ethics committee approval (or formal review and exemption), including the specific name of the board or committee. For studies involving animal experiments, note that the study complied with all institutional and national requirements for the care and use of laboratory animals and, if applicable, received approval from an animal care and use committee approval. State the animal-handling protocol in your Methods.

Zoom-In
This section, largely consisting of invited contents, is intended to be an A-list one for professional enhancement. The articles, which will share evidence-based best clinical practices and cross-disciplinary applications in the cardiovascular field, will cover a broad spectrum including but not limited to cardiology new insights, progress in the clinical or basic science front, and will provide a deep dive in statistical tips and academic writing guidelines. The column aims to nurture future physician scientists so as to promote the Asian cardiovascular field.
  • Word count: No more than 2,000 words, including references and figure legends
  • Abstract: Not required
  • Authors: No more than 3; no joint authorship permitted
  • References: No more than 10
  • Figures/Tables: No more than two figures or concise tables in no more than two parts and spanning no more than one page
  • Central Illustration: Not applicable
  • Clinical Perspectives: Not applicable
  • Supplemental Material: Not permitted

Research Letters
You may submit original reports of preliminary data and findings or studies with small numbers demonstrating the need for further investigation as Research Letters, which are published as such in the Letters to the Editor section.
  • Research Letters should be ≤1,000 words (including text, references, and figure legend).
  • Abstract: Not applicable
  • Authors: No more than 10; no joint authorship permitted
  • References: No more than 10
  • Figures/Tables: No more than 1 simple figure (in no more than 2 parts) or 1 simple table
  • Central Illustration: Not applicable
  • Clinical Perspectives: Not applicable
  • Supplemental Material: Not permitted
  • Ethical Approval (required): Please denote that your study received the proper ethical oversight in both your cover letter and the body of the article. For manuscripts reporting data on human subjects, note approval from institutional review board/ethics committee (or formal review and exemption), including the specific name of the board or committee. For studies involving animal experiments, note that the study complied with all institutional and national requirements for the care and use of laboratory animals and, if applicable, received animal care and use committee approval. State the animal-handling protocol in the body of your article.

Asian Cardiovascular Landscape
This article type, invited or volunteered, will present the reader with a new perspective or best practices in the field with in-depth insights, including recent developments and unique challenges of cardiovascular diseases from the countries in Asia.
  • Word count: No more than 2,000 words, including references and figure legends
  • Abstract: Not required
  • Authors: No more than 3; no joint authorship permitted
  • References: No more than 10
  • Figures/Tables: No more than two figures; figures may be substituted by concise tables
  • Central Illustration: Not applicable
  • Clinical Perspectives: Not applicable
  • Supplemental Material: Not permitted

Letters to the Editor and Replies
We welcome readers to submit formal comments on the content of articles published in JACC: Asia. Such comments should provide constructive scientific remarks. Readers may submit these comments as a Letter to the Editor within 3 months of the article's online publication date.
  • Letters should be ≤400 words (including text and references).
  • Replies will be solicited by the Editors and study authors will have 10 days to respond. The author's reply should be ≤400 words (including text and references), unless the author is responding to multiple letters in which case the reply should be ≤800 words (including text and references).
  • Titles must be ≤15 words (not including the labels “To the Editor” and “Reply”).
  • Replies to multiple letters need a title that is generic and encompasses all of the letters to which they are responding.
  • Both letters and replies are limited to 5 authors, 5 references, and 1 table OR 1 figure in 1 or 2 panels. Please include the cited article as the first reference.

Editorial Comments
All Editorial Comments published in JACC: Asia are invited by the Editors. If you are invited to write an editorial, specific requirements will be sent to you. Papers should be ≤1,500 words (including text, references, and figure legends) and must include the cited article as a reference. In some cases, a table or figure may be helpful and appropriate. Please do not submit unsolicited editorials.

MANUSCRIPT ORGANIZATION

  1. Cover Letter (not required for Editorial Comments)
  2. Rebuttal Letter (revision or appeal only)
  3. Manuscript File
    • a) Title Page with title (≤15 words), author names, author affiliations, author/funding disclosures, running title (≤7 words) and word count (beginning with text and ending with the last figure legend; not including tables)
    • b) Abstract (Structured Abstract of ≤250 words for Original Research Papers, Unstructured Abstract of ≤150 words); Key Words, 3-6; Abbreviations List, ≤10 Abbreviations
    • c) Text
    • d) Clinical Perspectives (core clinical competencies and translational outlook implications on a separate page after the conclusions, and only for Original Research Papers)
    • e) Acknowledgments (if appropriate)
    • f) References
    • g) Figure Titles and Legends
    • h) Tables (each on a separate page)
  4. Figures/Central Illustration
  5. Supplemental Material (uploaded as one single Microsoft Word document containing all supplemental figures and tables)

FORMATTING

Please use Times New Roman 12-point font with 1-inch margins. The Title Page, Abstract(s), Key Words, and Abbreviations should be single-spaced. The remaining text should be double-spaced. Page numbering should begin with the Title Page.

MANUSCRIPT CONTENT

Cover Letter
A short paragraph telling the editors why the authors think their paper merits publication may be included in the cover letter. Potential reviewers may be suggested in the cover letter, as well as reviewers to avoid. However, final reviewer assignment is determined by the editors.

The corresponding author should be specified in the cover letter and on the title page. All editorial communications and submission queries will be sent to this author. Cover letters must include the following 4 ICJME Statements:

  1. The paper is not under consideration elsewhere;
  2. None of the paper's contents have been previously published;
  3. All authors have read and approved the manuscript;
  4. The full disclosure of any potential conflict of interest (see “Relationship with Industry Policy”) or that no such relationship exists. Exceptions must be explained. If there is no conflict of interest, this should also be stated in the cover letter.
  5. Ethical Approval (required): Please denote that your study received the proper ethical oversight in both your cover letter and the body of the article. For manuscripts reporting data on human subjects, note institutional review board/ethics committee approval (or formal review and exemption), including the specific name of the board or committee. For studies involving animal experiments, note that the study complied with all institutional and national requirements for the care and use of laboratory animals and, if applicable, received approval from animal care and use committee. State the animal-handling protocol in the body of your research correspondence or the Methods section of your manuscript.

Title Page
Include the full title (no more than 15 words), authors' names (full given name, middle initial, and surname), degree, total word count, and a running title of ≤7 words. List the departments and institutions with which the authors are affiliated, and indicate the specific affiliations if the work is generated from more than one institution (use superscript letters a, b, c, d, and so on). Provide information on clinical trials, grants, contracts, and other forms of financial support, and list the cities and states of all foundations, funds and institutions involved in the work. This must include the full disclosure of any relationship with industry (see “Relationship with Industry Policy”). If there are no relationships with industry, this should be stated. Corresponding author contact information: Under the heading, “Address for correspondence,“ provide the full name and complete postal address of the author to whom communications should be sent. Also provide telephone and fax numbers, an e-mail address, and a Twitter handle, if available. Please also provide a short tweet summarizing your paper to your title page. The tweet should be approximately 280 characters, including spaces. Please include up to three hashtags with your tweet (Example: #ACCIntl, #ACCFIT, #WomenInCardiology, #CVD, #HeartFailure). You may also review our hashtag guide. Please note that the editors will review your content, and it may not ultimately be published on the @JACCJournals Twitter account. The corresponding author will be the sole contact for all submission queries.

Word Count: Word count should include text, references, and figure legends.

Abstract
Provide a structured abstract of no more than 250 words for Original Research Papers, presenting essential data in 5 paragraphs introduced by separate headings in the following order: Background, Objectives, Methods, Results, Conclusions. All data in the abstract also must appear in the manuscript text or tables. For general information on preparing structured abstracts, see “Haynes RB, Mulrow CD, Huth EJ, Altman DG, Gardner MJ. More informative abstracts revisited. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:69-76.”

An unstructured 150-word abstract should be provided for State-of-the-Art Reviews, Guidelines/Consensus, and Cutting-Edge Technology.

Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 key words, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, “and”, “of”). These key words will be used for indexing purposes, and therefore should be different than the terms/words already used in the title of the paper.

Abbreviations
The abbreviations of common terms (e.g., ECG, PTCA, CABG) or acronyms (GUSTO, SOLVD, TIMI) may be used in the manuscript. On a separate page following the Abstract, list the selected abbreviations and their definitions (e.g., TEE = transesophageal echocardiography). The Editors may determine which lesser-known terms should not be abbreviated. Please consult “Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (ICMJE Recommendations),” available from https://www.icmje.org for appropriate use of units of measure.

Text
All text from the Introduction to the end of the manuscript should be double-spaced. Page numbering should start with the Title Page. The text for Original Research Papers should be structured as Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusions. Use headings and subheadings in the Methods, Results, and particularly, Discussion sections. Every reference, figure, and table should be cited in the text in numerical order according to order of mention.

Statistics
All publishable manuscripts will be reviewed for appropriateness and accuracy of statistical methods and statistical interpretation of results. We subscribe to the statistics section of the “Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (ICMJE Recommendations),” available at https://www.icmje.org/. In the Methods section, please provide a subsection detailing the statistical methods, including specific methods used to summarize the data, methods used for hypothesis testing (if appropriate), and the level of significance used for hypothesis testing. When using more sophisticated statistical methods (beyond t-tests, chi-square, or simple linear regression), specify the statistical package, version number, and nondefault options used. For more information on statistical review, see “Glantz SA. It is all in the numbers. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:835-7.”

Clinical Perspectives
These are for Original Research Papers only.

The authors should delineate clinical implications and translational outlook recommendations for their manuscripts. These should be listed in the manuscript after the Text and before the Acknowledgments and References. The competencies describe the implications of the study for current practice. The translational outlook identifies the potential barriers to clinical translation, emphasizing directions for additional research.

Clinical Competencies. Competency-based learning in cardiovascular medicine addresses the 6 domains promulgated by the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and endorsed by the American Board of Internal Medicine (Medical Knowledge, Patient Care and Procedural Skills, Interpersonal and Communication Skills, Systems-Based Practice, Practice-Based Learning, and Professionalism) (https://www.acgme.org/acgmeweb). The ACCF has adopted this format for its competency and training statements, career milestones, lifelong learning, and educational programs. The ACCF also has developed tools to assist physicians in assessing, enhancing, and documenting these competencies (https://www.acc.org/Lifelong-Learning-and-MOC/Resources/Competencies).

Authors are asked to consider the clinical implications of their report and identify applications in one or more of these competency domains that could be used by clinician readers to enhance their competency as professional caregivers. This applies not only to physicians in training, but to the sustained commitment to education and continuous improvement across the span of their professional careers.

Translational Outlook. Translating biomedical research from the laboratory bench, clinical trials or global observations to the care of individual patients can expedite discovery of new diagnostic tools and treatments through multidisciplinary collaboration. Effective translational medicine facilitates implementation of evolving strategies for prevention and treatment of disease in the community. The Institute of Medicine identified two areas in need of improvement: testing basic research findings in properly designed clinical trials and, once the safety and efficacy of an intervention has been confirmed, more efficiently promulgating its adoption into standard practice (Sung NS, Crowley WF, Genel M. The meaning of translational research and why it matters. JAMA 2008;299:3140-3148).

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has recognized the importance of translational biomedical research, emphasizing multifunctional collaborations between researchers and clinicians to leverage new technology and accelerate the delivery of new therapies to patients (https://www.ncats.nih.gov/about/about.html).

Authors are asked to position their work in the context of the scientific continuum, by identifying impediments and challenges requiring further investigation and anticipating next steps and directions for future research.

Highlights
These are for State-of-the-Art Reviews Only.

The first bullet should provide the translational/clinical context or background that establishes the relevance or need for this review. The second bullet should speak to the main message and focus of the review, including any recommendations made by the authors. The final bullet should summarize where the field needs to move forward from this point.

Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments or appendices must be ≤100 words.

REFERENCES

Identify references in the text by Arabic numerals in parentheses on the line. The reference list should be typed double-spaced on pages separate from the text. The references should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are cited in the text.

Do not cite personal communications, manuscripts in preparation, or other unpublished data in the references; however, these may be included in the text in parentheses. Do not cite abstracts that are older than 2 years. Identify abstracts by the abbreviation “abstr” in parentheses. If a Letter to the Editor is cited, identify them with the word “letter” in parentheses.

Use Index Medicus (National Library of Medicine) abbreviations for journal titles. It is important to note that when citing an article from the JACC: Asia, the correct citation format is JACC: Asia. Use the following style and punctuation for references:

  • Periodical. List all authors if 6 or fewer; otherwise, list the first 3 and add “et al.” Do not use periods after the authors' initials. Please provide inclusive page numbers as in the example below.
    5. Ghoshhajra BB, Foldyna B, Gaudet D, et al. Coronary atheroma regression from infusions of autologous selectively delipidated pre?-HDL-enriched plasma in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;76:3062-3064.
  • DOI-based citation for an article in press. If the ahead-of-print date is known, please provide this as in the example below.
    5. Winchester D, Wen X, Xie L, et al. Evidence for pre-procedural statin therapy: meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010 Sept 28 [E-pub ahead of print]; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.028.
    If the ahead-of-print date is unknown, please omit as in the example below.
    5. Winchester D, Wen X, Xie L, et al. Evidence for pre-pro-cedural statin therapy: meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010 [E-pub ahead of print]; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.028.
  • Chapter in book. Provide authors, chapter title, editor(s), book title, publisher location, publisher name, year, and inclusive page numbers.
    5. Meidell RS, Gerard RD, Sambrook JF. Molecular biology of thrombolytic agents. In: Roberts R, editor. Molecular Basis of Cardiology. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993:295-324.
  • Book (personal author or authors). Provide a specific (not inclusive) page number.
    23. Cohn PF. Silent Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction. 3rd edition. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 1993:33.
  • Online Media. Provide specific URL address and date information was accessed.
    10. Henkel J. TesticularCancer: Survival High With Early Treatment. FDA Consumer magazine [serial online]. January-February 1996. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/196_test.html. Accessed August 31, 1998.
  • Material presented at a meeting but not published. Provide authors, presentation title, full meeting title, meeting dates, and meeting location.
    5. Eisenberg J. Market forces and physician workforce reform: why they may not work. Paper presented at: Annual Meeting of the Association of Medical Colleges; October 28, 1995; Washington, DC.

FIGURE LEGENDS

Figure legends should be an in-depth explanation of each figure, including a figure TITLE (no more than 10-15 words) and a CAPTION that includes the purpose of the figure, and brief method, results, and discussion statements pertaining to the figure. All abbreviations used in the figure should be identified either after their first mention in the legend or in alphabetical order at the end of each legend. All symbols used (arrows, circles, etc.) must be explained. Target length should be 50-100 words per figure.
  • All figures must have a number, title, and caption.
  • Figures should be cited in numerical order in the text.
  • Supplemental figures should be cited as “Supplemental Figure 1, Supplemental Figure 2,” etc.
  • Figure titles should be short and followed by a 2 to 3 sentence caption.
  • Your Central Illustration, if not an existing figure, should be listed last.
  • If the figure has been previously published, cite the figure source in the legend.

TABLES

Each table should be on a separate page, with the table number and title centered above the table and explanatory notes below the table. Use Arabic numbers. Table numbers must correspond with the order cited in the text. Tables should be self-explanatory, and the data presented in them should not be duplicated in the text or figures.
  • All tables must have a title.
  • Abbreviations should be listed in a footnote under the table in alphabetical order.
  • Footnote symbols should appear in the following order: *, †, ‡, §, ¶, ∥, #, **, ††, etc.
  • If previously published tables are used, written permission from the original publisher (or copyright holder, if not the publisher) is required.
  • Cite the source of the table in the footnote.

CENTRAL ILLUSTRATIONS

The final version of all Original Research Papers and State-of-the-Art Reviews should include 1 Central Illustration, which summarizes the main point of the manuscript or at least a major section of the manuscript (it can be simple and hand-drawn). If one of the figures already provided in your manuscript is a key figure summarizing the major findings, you may designate that figure as the Central Illustration in the legend. The figure may incorporate multiple panels including key figures or graphics, or short text lists summarizing key points or variables. The purpose of these illustrations is to provide a snapshot of your paper in a single visual or conceptual manner. This illustration should be accompanied by a legend (title and caption). The Central Illustration legend should be listed last in your list of figure legends, unless it is an existing figure. The Central Illustration should be an original image and, for copyright reasons, should not be adapted or reprinted from another source.

FIGURES

Figures and graphs submitted in electronic format should be provided in TIF format. Graphics software such as Photoshop and Illustrator, NOT presentation software such as PowerPoint CorelDraw, or Harvard Graphics, should be used to create the art. Color images must be at least 300 DPI. Gray scale images should be at least 300 DPI. Line art (black and white or color) should be at least 1,200 DPI and combinations of gray scale images and line art should be at least 1,200 DPI. Lettering should be of sufficient size to be legible after reduction for publication. The optimal size is 12 points. Symbols should be of a similar size. Figures should be no smaller than 13 cm?18 cm (500?700). Please do not reduce figures to fit publication layout. If the manuscript is accepted for publication, the publisher will re-size the figures accordingly.

Decimals, lines, and other details must be strong enough for reproduction. Use only black and white, not gray, in charts and graphs. Place crop marks on photomicrographs to show only the essential field. Designate special features with arrows. All symbols, arrows, and lettering on halftone illustrations must contrast with the background. There is no fee for the publication of color figures. Our editors encourage authors to submit figures in color, as we feel it improves the clarity and visual impact of the images.

  • If previously published figures are used, written permission from the original publisher (or copyright holder, if not the publisher) is required. See STM Guidelines for details: https://www.stm-assoc.org/intellectual-property/permissions/permissions-guidelines/.
  • If the figure has been previously published, cite the figure source in the legend.
  • Figure numbers must correspond with the order in which they are mentioned in the text.
  • All abbreviations used in the figure should be identified in alphabetical order at the end of each legend.
  • All symbols used (arrows, circles, etc.) must be explained.

SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS

Authors are encouraged to enhance their manuscript with media files, additional images, web-based calculators, and other material that does not fit into the usual format of an article but that helps communicate results and/or educate the reader.

Video Requirements: Inclusion of videos in the published paper is at the discretion of the Editors.

  • Video submissions for viewing online view should be submitted as MP4 files only. The Journal office will not accept any other file formats.
  • Videos should be brief (≤2-4 minutes). Longer videos will require longer download times and may have difficulty streaming online. Videos should be restricted to the most critical aspects of your research. A longer procedure can be restructured as several shorter videos and submitted in that form.
  • It is advisable to compress files to use as little bandwidth as possible and to avoid overly long download times. Video files should be less 15 MB. This is a suggested maximum. If files are larger, please contact the JACC: Asia office at ([email protected]).
  • A video legends page giving a brief description of the content of each video should be included in the manuscript. Please note that ALL videos must be linked to figures or panels of a figure(s).
  • If your paper is accepted for publication, you may wish to supply the editorial office with your video files in several different resolutions. This will allow viewers with slower connections to download a lower resolution version of your video.

EDITORIAL POLICIES

All manuscripts must be submitted online at https://www.jaccsubmit-jaccasia.org. By submitting an article to the journal, all authors of the submission agree to receive emails from all the American College of Cardiology's JACC Journals regarding the manuscript, including editorial queries while the manuscript is under review and emails from the publisher should the paper be accepted for publication. The contact information provided by the corresponding author will be included in the galley proofs, the published PDF version of the manuscript, and the online version of the manuscript.

Submission Declaration and Verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see ‘Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication’ for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service Crossref Similarity Check.

Ethics
Manuscript submissions should conform to the guidelines set forth in the “Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (ICMJE Recommendations),” available online at https://www.icmje.org/recommendations and most recently updated in December 2019.

Studies should be in compliance with human studies committees and animal welfare regulations of the authors' institutions and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Human studies must be performed with the subjects' written informed consent. Authors must provide the details of this procedure and indicate that the institutional committee on human research has approved the study protocol. If radiation is used in a research procedure, the radiation exposure must be specified in the Methods.

Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and informed consent, which should be documented in your paper. Patients have a right to privacy. Therefore, identifying information, including patients' images, names, initials, or hospital numbers, should not be included in videos, recordings, written descriptions, photographs, and pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes, and you have obtained written informed consent for publication in print and electronic form from the patient (or parent, guardian, next of kin, or other legally authorized representative). If consent is subject to conditions, the editorial office must be informed.

Written consents must be provided to the editorial office on request. Even where consent has been given, identifying details should be omitted if they are not essential. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such as in genetic pedigrees, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort scientific meaning and editors should so note. If such consent has not been obtained, personal details of patients included in any part of the paper and in any supplementary materials (including all illustrations and videos) must be removed before submission. Animal investigation must conform to the “Position of the American Heart Association on Research Animal Use (http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/7/4/655),” adopted by the AHA on November 11, 1984. If equivalent guidelines are used, they should be indicated. The AHA position includes: 1) animal care and use by qualified individuals, supervised by veterinarians, and all facilities and transportation must comply with current legal requirements and guidelines; 2) research involving animals should be done only when alternative methods to yield needed information are not possible; 3) anesthesia must be used in all surgical interventions, all unnecessary suffering should be avoided and research must be terminated if unnecessary pain or fear results; and 4) animal facilities must meet the standards of the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC).

The JACC Journals have an ethics committee comprised of 7 members, which oversees quality control and will look into the issues of concern, if any.

Exclusive Submission/Publication Policy
Manuscripts are considered for review only under the conditions that they are not under consideration elsewhere and that the data presented have not appeared on the Internet or have not been previously published (including symposia, proceedings, transactions, books, articles published by invitation, and preliminary publications of any kind, excepting abstracts that do not exceed 400 words). On acceptance, transfer of copyright to the American College of Cardiology Foundation will be required. Elsevier will maintain copyright records for the College. Sharing of data from manuscripts that are under review or accepted but not yet published is expressly forbidden, unless permission is received from the JACC Journals Editorial Office. We ask that authors disclose this information during the submission process.

JACC Journals do not consider the posting of manuscripts to a preprint server a prior publication, if they have not undergone peer review and provided that the following conditions are met: 1) when submitting a manuscript to a JACC journal, authors must acknowledge preprint server deposition and provide all associated accession numbers or DOIs; 2) versions of a manuscript that have been altered as a result of our peer review process may not be deposited; 3) the preprint version cannot have been indexed in MEDLINE or PubMed; and 4) upon publication in a JACC journal, authors are responsible for updating the archived preprint with a DOI and link to the published version of the article. Should the paper be accepted and published in a JACC journal, the JACC journal DOI should be considered to be the one representing this published work in all credits, citation, and attribution.

Relationship With Industry Policy
All authors are required to disclose any relationship with industry and other relevant entities-financial or otherwise-within the past 2 years that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All relevant relationships with industry, disclosures, and sources of funding for the work should be acknowledged on the title page, as should all institutional affiliations of the authors (including corporate appointments). This includes associations such as consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interests or patent licensing arrangements. If no relationship with industry exists, please state this on the title page.

All forms are now signed and submitted electronically. Once a manuscript is accepted, the authors will be sent links to complete the electronic Relationship with Industry forms. Elsevier now handles copyright for the journal. Only the corresponding author may electronically sign the copyright form; however, all authors are required to electronically sign a relationship with industry form. Once completed, a PDF version of the form is e-mailed to the author. Authors can access and confirm receipt of forms by logging into their account at https://www.jaccsubmit-jaccasia.org.

Each author will be alerted if his or her form has not been completed by the deadline. Please note that copyright is now handled by the publisher and no copyright form will be sent to you until the manuscript has been sent to the publisher. Only authors appearing on the final title page will be sent a form. YOU CANNOT ADD AUTHORS AFTER ACCEPTANCE OR ON PROOFS.

The JACC Journals program prefers the term Relationships with Industry and Other Entities as opposed to the term Conflict of Interest, because, by definition, it does NOT necessarily imply a conflict. When all relationships are disclosed with the appropriate detail regarding category and amount, and managed appropriately for building consensus and voting, the JACC Journals program believes that potential bias can be avoided and the final published document is strengthened since the necessary expertise is accessible.

Authorship
Each author must have contributed significantly to the submitted work. If there are more than 4 authors, the contribution of each author must be substantiated in the cover letter. If authorship is attributed to a group (either solely or in addition to 1 or more individual authors), all members of the group must meet the full criteria and requirements for authorship. Each individual author should be listed on the title page and in the online submission system. If you have an author group, you may list it in a Supplemental Appendix. To save space, if group members have been previously published, the article should be referenced rather than reprinting the list. The Editors consider authorship to include all of the following:
  • Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
  • Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
  • Final approval of the version to be published; AND
  • Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Participation solely in the collection of data does not justify authorship but may be appropriately acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section.

Copyright
On acceptance, transfer of copyright to the author(s) will occur (for more information see https://www.elsevier.com/OAauthoragreement). Permitted third party reuse of open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license (see https://www.elsevier.com/openaccesslicenses). As an author you (or your employer or institution)have certain rights to reuse your work. For more information on author rights please see https://www.elsevier.com/copyright.

Appeals
Authors may appeal editorial decisions by email. To appeal a decision, send your rationale as to why the editors should reconsider the paper to ([email protected]). The rationale should address all of the reviewers' concerns. The editors may grant or deny the appeal, and their decision is final. Appeals must be submitted within 30 days of the date the decision was rendered.

ELSEVIER POLICIES

Open Access

Please visit our Open Access page for more information about open access publishing in this journal.

Funding Body Agreements and Policies
Elsevier has established a number of agreements with funding bodies which allow authors to comply with their funder's open access policies.

Some authors may also be reimbursed for associated publication fees. To learn more about existing agreements please visit https://www.elsevier.com.

After acceptance, open access papers will be published under a noncommercial license. For authors requiring a commercial CC BY license, you can apply after your manuscript is accepted for publication.

Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses

Reporting guidance
For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.

Definitions
Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth (""sex assigned at birth""), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms ""sex"" and ""gender"" can be ambiguous—thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.

PERMISSIONS

If a figure/table is reprinted or adapted from a previously published work, permission must be obtained from that publisher (or copyright holder, if not the publisher) and sent to the editorial office. Please also see Figures. If a manuscript includes excerpts of published text longer than 50 words, permission from the copyright holder to republish the text is required.

REVIEW PROCESS AND DECISIONS

JACC: Asia uses a single-blind peer-review system, meaning that the authors are blinded to the identity of the reviewers and as a general rule, although there are exceptions, the reviewers are blinded to each other. While the JACC: Asia Associate Editor may be identified at the end of the review process, all correspondence concerning a manuscript should be addressed to the JACC: Asia editorial staff at [email protected]. At initial submission, a manuscript is reviewed by editorial staff for compliance with journal style and to make sure the submission is clear and legible for reviewers and editors. Once the editorial staff have checked in the paper, it is assigned to the JACC: Asia Editor-in-Chief, who will assign it to an Associate Editor. The Associate Editor then determines if it should be sent for peer review or if it is not of sufficient priority for JACC: Asia. All reviewers and editors are asked to report any potential conflicts of interest, and when those exist, the manuscript is reassigned to a different editor or reviewer. Once 2 reviews have been completed, the submission is reviewed at the JACC: Asia editorial board meeting. The group then comes to one of the 4 decisions below:
  • Accept. The manuscript is acceptable for publication in its current form. However, minor edits may be made by the JACC: Asia medical editors, illustrators, or the publisher, and authors will need to work with the appropriate contacts to ensure these changes are incorporated post-acceptance.
  • Minor Revision. It is important to note that this decision does not guarantee acceptance. However, less significant edits are required than a Revision Required decision.
  • Revision Required. The manuscript is unacceptable for publication in its current form. However, the editors are willing to reconsider a thoroughly revised manuscript. The authors must respond to all reviewer and editor comments and the submission will be rereviewed and treated as a new submission.
  • Reject. The manuscript is unacceptable for publication and/or is not an appropriate fit for JACC: Asia.

Guest Editors: Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or institutional colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal?s usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups.

AUTHOR INQUIRIES

For inquiries relating to submitted articles or to articles currently under review, please contact the JACC: Asia editorial office at ([email protected]). Elsevier's Authors Home also provides the facility to track accepted articles (https://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle) and set up email alerts to inform you of changes in the status of an article, as well as detailed artwork guidelines, copyright information, frequently asked questions, and more. You are also welcome to contact Customer Support via http://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/publishing/. Authors can order copies of the issue in which their article appears at a discounted rate.