Xenobiotics in Chemical Carcinogenesis

Translational Aspects in Toxicology

1st Edition - February 17, 2022
Authors: Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava, Dhruv Kumar, Divya Singh, Rajesh Kumar Singh
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 5 6 0 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 6 8 1 - 4

Xenobiotics in Chemical Carcinogenesis: Translational Aspects in Toxicology covers the translational toxicology of xenobiotics substances in carcinogenesis by explaining the toxic… Read more

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Xenobiotics in Chemical Carcinogenesis: Translational Aspects in Toxicology covers the translational toxicology of xenobiotics substances in carcinogenesis by explaining the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic, toxicogenomic, biotransformation, and resistance mechanisms in the human body. The book begins with a historical review and link to future prospects for chemical carcinogenesis. It discusses major environmental xenobiotics and their risks in inducing cancer, along with content on toxic xenobiotics and their routes of exposure in humans, the role of xenobiotic metabolism in carcinogenesis, and the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic of xenobiotics in cancer development.

Lastly, the book explores current achievements such as using toxicogenomics for predicting the carcinogenicity of xenobiotic substances and the challenges posed by carcinogenic xenobiotic substances when examining preventive methods, diagnosis, and the development of anticancer drugs for specific toxicants.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Chapter 1. Historical review and future prospective of chemical carcinogenesis
Abstract
Introduction
Cancer caused by mutation or environmental factors
Potential of carcinogens
Early studies for identification of carcinogens
Carcinogenesis models
Theories for chemical carcinogenesis
Bioassay of carcinogens
Issues with carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic categorization of chemicals
Long-term bioassays
Chemical carcinogenesis and genetically engineered models
References
Chapter 2. Xenobiotic metabolism(s) in carcinogenesis
Abstract
Introduction
Function of aryl hydrocarbon receptors
Role of cytochrome P450 in the biotransformation of xenobiotics in carcinogenesis
Modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by transcription factors
Formation of carcinogenic xenobiotics during food processing
Role of pesticides in breast cancer progression
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3. Recalcitrant toxic xenobiotics and their routes of exposure to humans
Abstract
Introduction
Recalcitrant xenobiotic molecules
Routes of xenobiotic exposure
Hazards from xenobiotic molecules
Xenobiotics in carcinogenesis
Removal of xenobiotics molecules
Risk assessment for exposure of humans to toxic compounds
Exposure to food carcinogens
Assessment of exposure to food carcinogens
Cellular adaptation to xenobiotic compounds
Detection of xenobiotic-induced toxicity
Human biomonitoring in the assessment of common population exposure to xenobiotics
Challenges of human biomonitoring
Conclusions and future prospective
References
Chapter 4. Incidences of crucial environmental xenobiotics for inducing cancers
Abstract
Introduction
Pesticides in carcinogenesis
Role of environmental agents in human cancer
Exposure of biomarkers and assessment of human exposures
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of xenobiotics in cancer development
Abstract
Introduction
Role of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in risk assessments
In silico approach to risk assessment
Bayesian population approach to toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic models in risk analysis
Systematical implication of effective biomarkers in population and occupational biomonitoring
The pivotal function of xenobiotic receptors and cytochrome P450 induction in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics
Genotoxic and nongenotoxic mechanisms of xenobiotics in carcinogenesis
Conclusions
References
Chapter 6. Mechanism of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis induced by xenobiotics
Abstract
Introduction
Oxidative DNA damage
Modification of gene expression
Endogenous factors of ROS
Exogenous sources of ROS
Arrays of oxidative stress
Oxidative stress linked with xenobiotic compounds in carcinogenesis
Xenobiotic-induced ROS generation in embryos
Oxidative stress-associated mechanisms with xenobiotics in anemia cells
Time-dependent cellular adaptations to oxidative stress in normal cells
Impact of ROS and RNS on the tumor microenvironment
Quantitative determination of oxidative stress in cancer cells via gene expression
Conclusion and future prospective
References
Chapter 7. Genotoxic and non-genotoxic activities of xenobiotics in carcinogenesis
Abstract
Introduction
How to identify the mode of action of carcinogenic chemicals?
How to identify the mode of action of non-carcinogenic compounds?
Suppression of gap-junction intercellular communications
Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 8. Modulation of the epigenome by xenobiotics in cancer
Abstract
Introduction
DNA methylation in development of cancer
Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 9. Carcinogenic effects of nanomaterials with an emphasis on nanoplastics
Abstract
Introduction
Generation of nanoplastic in the environment
Major paths of human exposure to nanomaterials
Cellular uptake and intracellular consequences of nanoplastic materials
Major toxic impact of nanoplastics on human health
Carcinogenic impacts of nanomaterials
Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter 10. Endocrine disruptor activity of xenobiotics in carcinogenesis
Abstract
Introduction
Endocrine regulators in the food chain
Endocrine disruptors action on mechanism of estrogen and androgen
Data associated with exposure to endocrine disruptors in carcinogenesis
Incidence of breast cancer due to endocrine disrupting chemicals
Impact of endocrine disruptors on the development of cancer in women
Health issues
Conclusions and future prospective
References
Chapter 11. Environmental exposures as xenoestrogens (bisphenol A and phthalates) enhance risk for breast cancer
Abstract
Introduction
Bisphenol A and breast cancer
Government policy for bisphenol A
Phthalates
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12. Biotransformation of toxic xenobiotics by human gut microbiota
Abstract
Introduction
Habitat of microbes in human body
Role of microbes in health and disease
Microbiome regulation of toxicity
The metabolome of microbes
Function of gut microbes in cellular physiology
Gut microbial interactions with xenobiotics
The complementary chemistry of microbial xenobiotic metabolism
Metabolization of environmental chemicals by GI microbiota
Effect of environmental chemicals on the activity of GI microbes
Factors affecting the rate and level of gut microbes in xenobiotic metabolism
Advanced technologies for the identification of xenobiotic-degrading microbes
Computational method for the prognosis of species-specific biotransformation of xenobiotic compounds by gut microbiota
Methods
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Mechanism of resistance to toxic xenobiotics in humans
Abstract
Introduction
Link between environmental chemicals and chemoresistance
Conclusions
References
Chapter 14. Profiling the reactive metabolites of xenobiotics in cancer
Abstract
Introduction
Experimental methods for the assessment of reactive metabolites
Analysis of covalent binding to proteins
Trapping and identifying reactive metabolites
Time and cofactor-based cytochrome P450 suppression
High-throughput NMR in xenobiotics toxicology
Target analysis and suspect screening
Profiling of seasonal variation in and cancer risk assessment of benzo(a)pyrene and heavy metals in drinking water
Toxicological analysis of anthropogenic xenobiotics associated with environmental metabolomics
Conclusions
References
Chapter 15. Toxicogenomics for the prediction of carcinogenicity of xenobiotic substances
Abstract
Introduction
Genetic toxicology: transcriptomics
Prediction of carcinogenicity effects of xenobiotics by toxicogenomics methods
Conclusions and future prospective
References
Index

Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava

Dr. Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava works as a Research Associate (ICMR) in CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India. In his eight years of research, he has published approximately 20 research articles and book chapters in international and national journals of repute. His research specialization is primarily in the area of pharmacognosy with genetics, metabolomics, bioinformatics, and molecular biology-associated targeting cancer diseases. In addition, he has studied at Augusta University (formerly, Georgia Regents University) in Augusta, GA, United States on a J-1 Exchange Scholar Visa and at Ben-Gurion University, Israel. He is also a life member fellow in Indian Science Congress and Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy, United Kingdom.

Affiliations and expertise

CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India

Dhruv Kumar

Dr. Dhruv Kumar is a Senior Associate Professor at School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES University, Dehradun, India and his current research is focused on autophagy, cancer cell metabolism, tumour microenvironment, exosomes, mutational heterogeneity, cancer prevention, drug designing, NGS and COVID-19. After completion of B.Sc. in Chemistry from Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and M.Sc. in Bioinformatics from University of Allahabad, India, he has completed his Ph.D. in Cellular, Molecular and Industrial Biology from the University of Bologna (UNIBO), under highly prestigious fellowship, Indo-Italian Government fellowship. After his Ph.D., he obtained Postdoctoral training at the University of Kansas Medical Center, USA. During his Postdoctoral training, he worked towards understanding the molecular mechanism(s) of autophagy regulation and apoptosis in cancer stem cells (prostate, pancreatic and breast), focusing on the metabolic cross-talk between the tumour microenvironment (cancer associated fibroblast (CAF)) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) via HGF/c-MET and bFGF/FGFR signalling pathways. He has also worked on structure based drug designing for several cancers, COVID-19, mutational heterogeneity in cancer. Currently, his lab is focusing on metabolic heterogeneity in solid tumours and structure based drug designing for cancer and COVID-19. He has published more than 100 research articles, reviews and book chapters in reputed journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Associate Professor at School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES University, Dehradun, India

Divya Singh

Dr. Divya Singh is presently working as a scientist in Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India. Her research specialization is primarily in genetics, proteomics, metabolomics, toxicology, bioinformatics, and molecular biological evaluation in various in vivo and in vitro plant models to elucidate the physiological changes and evaluate the DNA damage potency. She has published more than 10 research articles including book chapters. In addition, she is also a life member fellow of Indian Science Congress.

Affiliations and expertise

Scientist, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India

Rajesh Kumar Singh

Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh is currently working as a Research Associate in Banaras Hindu University. His research focus is pharmacognosy, reverse pharmacology, drug design and discovery, extraction & isolation of natural products, cell culture, and handling of different rodents. He has published several research articles in reputable journals over the course of his career. At present, he is involved in developing an Indian origin cell line and screening drugs of natural origin for the treatment of gallbladder cancer.

Affiliations and expertise

Research Associate, Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at Banaras Hindu University, India