Xenes

2D Synthetic Materials Beyond Graphene

1st Edition - June 29, 2022
Editors: Alessandro Molle, Carlo Grazianetti
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 8 2 4 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 8 3 8 - 7

Xenes: 2D Synthetic Materials Beyond Graphene includes all the relevant information about Xenes thus far reported, focusing on emerging materials and new trends. The book's pr… Read more

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Xenes: 2D Synthetic Materials Beyond Graphene includes all the relevant information about Xenes thus far reported, focusing on emerging materials and new trends. The book's primary goal is to include full descriptions of each Xene type by leading experts in the area. Each chapter will provide key principles, theories, methods, experiments and potential applications. The book also reviews the key challenges for synthetic 2D materials such as characterization, modeling, synthesis, and integration strategies. This comprehensive book is suitable for materials scientists and engineers, physicists and chemists working in academia and R&D in industry.

The discovery of silicene dates back to 2012. Since then, other Xenes were subsequently created with synthetic methods. The portfolio of Xenes includes different chemical elements of the periodic table and hence the related honeycomb-like lattices show a wealth of electronic and optical properties that can be successfully exploited for applications.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Introduction
Two-dimensional materials beyond graphene: the rise of the Xenes
A brief overview of the Xenes from the periodic table
Xenes toward nanotechnologies
Conclusions
1. Silicene
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Historical background: the Schottky problem
1.3 Silicene: the concept
1.4 Exotic phases of silicene and their topological electronic properties—theory
1.5 Discovery of one-dimensional silicon nanoribbons
1.6 The birth of two-dimensional silicene
1.7 Hydrogenation of the canonical 3×3/4×4 silicene phase on Ag(1 1 1)
1.8 Other allotropic phases of silicene on Ag(1 1 1) and multilayer silicene
1.9 Reactivity and adsorption on silicene, silicene on other substrates, and silicene by wet chemistry
1.10 Exotic variants of silicene: penta-silicene nanoribbons and kagome silicene
1.11 Properties, applications, and perspectives
1.12 Conclusion
Note
References
2. Germanene
Abstract
2.1 Introduction two-dimensional Dirac materials
2.2 Synthesis of germanene
2.3 Structural and electronic properties of germanene
2.4 Anomalous quantum Hall effect and quantum spin Hall effect
2.5 Bandgap opening in germanene
2.6 Bilayer germanene and twisted bilayer germanene
2.7 Summary
References
3. Stanene and Plumbene
Abstract
3.1 Introduction: tin and stanene, lead and plumbene
3.2 The theoretical prediction of stanene and plumbene
3.3 Theoretical prediction for stanene to be a two-dimensional topological insulator
3.4 The synthesis and characterization of stanene
3.5 The synthesis and characterization of plumbene
3.6 Perspectives on the applications of stanene and plumbene
References
4. Borophene
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theoretical aspects of borophene
4.3 Synthesis of borophene
4.4 Physical properties of borophene
4.5 Perspective
References
5. Gallenene
Abstract
5.1 Evidence of two-dimensionality in bulk gallium
5.2 Evidence of two-dimensionality in gallium nanostructures
5.3 Experimental discovery
5.4 Electronic properties
5.5 Thermal stability
5.6 How unique is gallenene?
5.7 Properties and applications of gallenene
Acknowledgments
References
6. Phosphorene
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Properties of two-dimensional black phosphorus
6.3 Applications
6.4 Fabrication
6.5 Functionalization
6.6 Oxidation and surface protection
6.7 Conclusion and outlook
Acknowledgments
References
7. Arsenene and Antimonene
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Arsenic and antimony allotropes
7.3 Two-dimensional arsenene and antimonene
7.4 Doping of arsenene and antimonene
7.5 Applications and future prospects of arsenene and antimonene
7.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
8. Bismuthene
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Structure and properties of two-dimensional bismuth
8.3 Preparation of two-dimensional bismuth
8.4 Characterization of two-dimensional bismuth
8.5 Applications of two-dimensional bismuth
8.6 Summary
References
9. Selenene and Tellurene
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Selenene
9.3 Tellurene
9.4 Conclusions
References
10. Technical evolution for the identification of Xenes: from microscopy to spectroscopy
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Working principles of scanning tunneling microscopy and angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
10.3 Applications of scanning tunneling microscopy and angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in Xenes
10.4 Emerging techniques used in Xenes
References
11. Chemical methods for Xenes
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Surface functionalization metrology
11.3 Analogy of Si(111) and Ge(111) surface functionalization
11.4 Chemical treatments and reactivity of Si, Ge, Sn Xenes
11.5 Topotactic transformations of Zintl phases in the synthesis of functionalized Xenes
11.6 Ligand substitution reactions of functionalized Si and Ge Xenes
11.7 Covalent modification of other Xenes
11.8 Functionalization-induced changes in thermal and electronic properties of group 14 Xenes
11.9 Conclusion
References
12. Topological physics of Xenes
Abstract
12.1 Two-dimensional topological insulators
12.2 Quantum anomalous Hall effect in Xene
12.3 Topological superconductivity and Ising superconductivity
12.4 Thermoelectric properties in Xenes
12.5 Summary and outlook
References
13. Optical properties of Xenes
Abstract
Abbreviations
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Theoretical methods
13.3 Results
13.4 Summary and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
14. Two-dimensional magnetism in Xenes
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Theoretical predictions of magnetism in Xenes
14.3 Intrinsic magnetism in Xene multilayer three-dimensional compounds
14.4 Two-dimensional ferromagnetism in silicene materials
14.5 Two-dimensional ferromagnetism in germanene materials
14.6 Electron transport in two-dimensional magnetic Xene compounds
14.7 Extension of two-dimensional ferromagnetism to graphene
14.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
15. Xene heterostructures
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Xene homostructures
15.3 Xene heterostructures
15.4 Challenges, bottlenecks, potential and perspectives
Acknowledgement
References
16. Integration paths for Xenes
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Review of existing electronic devices
16.3 Current and future applications of Xenes
16.4 Perspectives on integration of Xenes with silicon
16.5 Concluding remarks
References
Further reading
Index

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Alessandro Molle

Carlo Grazianetti