Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern

Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern is a compendium of chemical-specific toxicity information with discussions on the rationale and development of Wildlife Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs) intended for use on terrestrial wildlife for risk assessment applications. Substances covered include military-related chemicals including explosives, propellants, pesticides and metals.

Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern is a much-needed resource designed to meet the needs of those seeking toxicological information for ecological risk assessment purposes. Each chapter targets a specific chemical and considers the current knowledge of the toxicological impacts of chemicals to terrestrial wildlife including mammalian, avian, amphibian and reptilian species.

• Provides detailed information on how Wildlife Toxicity Values (TRVs) for military chemicals of concern are derived and evaluated.
• Covers wildlife toxicity assessments of explosives, metals and environmental chemicals.
• Compiles relevant information on the environmental effects of chemicals on wildlife in relation to public and environmental health.

Ecological risk assessors and toxicologists in government and industry organizations; graduate ecotoxicology students; industry, consulting and litigation professionals using risk assessments of contaminated environments

• Disclaimer
• Editor Biographies
• Author Biographies
• Acknowledgements
• Part I: Introduction
  • Chapter 1: Characterizing Potential for Toxicity: Estimating Risks to Wildlife
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • History of wildlife toxicity reference values
    • Recent advances in toxicity reference value derivation
    • Important research needs
• Part II: Methodological Derivations
  • Chapter 2: Methods for Derivation of Wildlife Toxicity Values for Use in Ecological Risk Assessments
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Data collection and literature search
    • Identifying relevant studies
    • Toxicity profile preparation
    • Derivation of toxicity reference values
    • Assigning a confidence level
    • Creation of the toxicity reference value report
• Part III: Wildlife Toxicity Assessments of Explosives
  • Chapter 3: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Summary of mammalian toxicity
    • Summary of avian toxicity
    • Summary of amphibian toxicity
    • Summary of reptilian toxicity
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
  • Chapter 4: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for 1,3,5-Trinitrohexahydro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX)
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 5: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for High Melting Explosive (HMX)
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Environmental fate and transport
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 6: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Mammalian toxicity
    • Summary of avian toxicity
    • Summary of amphibian toxicity
    • Summary of reptilian toxicity
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 7: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Nitroguanidine
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 8: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for 1,3-Dinitrobenzene
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Summary of mammalian toxicity
    • Studies relevant for mammalian toxicity reference value development for ingestion exposures
    • Summary of avian toxicity
    • Summary of amphibian toxicity
    • Summary of reptilian toxicity
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 9: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene (TNB)
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 10: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for N-Methyl-N-2,4,6-Tetranitroaniline (Tetryl)
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 11: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Nitrocellulose
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Environmental fate and transport
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 12: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Summary of mammalian toxicity
    • Summary of avian toxicity
    • Summary of amphibian toxicity
    • Summary of reptilian toxicity
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 13: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Nitroglycerin
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Environmental fate and transport
    • Summary of mammalian toxicity
    • Summary of avian toxicity
    • Summary of amphibian toxicity
    • Summary of reptilian toxicity
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 14: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for 2-Nitrodiphenylamine and 4-Nitrodiphenylamine
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Summary of mammalian toxicity
    • Summary of avian toxicity
    • Summary of amphibian toxicity
    • Summary of reptilian toxicity
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 15: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Picric Acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol)
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Environmental fate and transport
    • Summary of mammalian toxicity
    • Summary of avian toxicity
    • Summary of amphibian toxicity
    • Summary of reptilian toxicity
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 16: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for 2-Amino-4,6-Dinitrotoluene and 4-Amino-2,6-Dinitrotoluene
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 17: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Triacetin
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 18: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment of White Phosphorus
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
• Part IV: Wildlife Toxicity Assessments of Selected Metals
  • Chapter 19: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Antimony
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Summary of mammalian toxicity
    • Summary of avian toxicity
    • Summary of amphibian toxicity
    • Summary of reptilian toxicity
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 20: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Thallium
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Summary of mammalian toxicity
    • Summary of avian toxicity
    • Summary of amphibian toxicity
    • Summary of reptilian toxicity
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
• Part V: Wildlife Toxicity Assessments of Pesticides
  • Chapter 21: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Aldrin and Dieldrin
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 22: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Chlordane
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
• Part VI: Wildlife Toxicity Assessments of Industrial and Military-Related Chemicals
  • Chapter 23: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Acetylene
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 24: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Benzo[a]Pyrene
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 25: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Diphenylamine
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 26: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Ethylene
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values for mammals
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 27: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 28: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Perchlorate
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
    • Disclaimer
  • Chapter 29: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Phenol
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 30: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Propylene
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values for mammals
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 31: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Phenanthrene
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 32: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Pyrene
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 33: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Mustard Agents
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • HD toxicity summary
  • Chapter 34: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Lewisite
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Studies relevant to mammalian toxicity reference value development: lewisite ingestion exposures
    • Studies relevant to mammalian toxicity reference value development: lewisite inhalation exposures
    • Studies relevant to mammalian toxicity reference value development: lewisite dermal exposures
    • Summary of avian lewisite toxicity
    • Summary of amphibian Toxicity
    • Summary of reptilian toxicity
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
  • Chapter 35: Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for Thiodiglycol
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Toxicity profile
    • Recommended toxicity reference values
    • Important research needs
• Index