Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsContents of Volume 2Chapter 1 □ IntroductionPart I □ Scattering and Propagation of Waves in a Tenuous Distribution of Scatterers: Single Scattering Approximation Chapter 2 □ Scattering and Absorption of a Wave by a Single Particle 2-1 Cross Sections and Scattering Amplitude 2-2 General Properties of Cross Sections 2-3 Forward Scattering Theorem 2-4 Integral Representations of Scattering Amplitude and Absorption Cross Section 2-5 Rayleigh Scattering 2-6 Rayleigh-Debye Scattering (Born Approximation) 2-7 WKB Interior Wave Number Approximation 2-8 Mie Theory 2-9 Elliptic Polarization and the Stokes Parameters 2-10 Partial Polarization and Natural Light 2-11 Addition of Independent Waves 2-12 Scattering Amplitude Functions f1l, f12, f21, and f22 and the Stokes Matrix 2-13 Transformation of the Stokes Parameters for Rotation about the Axis 2-14 Particle Size Distribution 2-15 Acoustic Waves 2-16 Acoustic Scattering Chapter 3 □ Characteristics of Discrete Scatterers in the Atmosphere, Ocean, and Biological Materials 3-1 Weather Radar, Clutter, and Interference 3-2 Aerosols and Hydrometeors 3-3 Optical Scattering in Seawater (Hydrooptics) 3-4 Underwater Acoustic Scattering (Hydroacoustics) 3-5 Scattering from Biological Materials Chapter 4 □ Scattering of Waves from the Tenuous Distribution of Particles 4-1 Single Scattering Approximation for Average Scattered Power 4-2 First Order Multiple Scattering Representation of Scattered Power 4-3 Narrow Beam Equation 4-4 Coherent and Incoherent Fields 4-5 Time-Correlated Scattering Cross Section of a Moving Particle 4-6 Temporal Correlation Function and Temporal Frequency Spectrum of Scattered Fields 4-7 Spatial Correlation of Scattered Fields 4-8 Correlation with a Moving Receiver 4-9 Probability Distributions of Scattered Fields Chapter 5 □ Scattering of Pulse Waves from a Random Distribution of Particles 5-1 General Formulation of Pulse Propagation and Scattering in a Time-Varying Random Medium 5-2 Two-Frequency Correlation Function and Correlation of the Output Pulse 5-3 Coherence Time and Coherence Bandwidth 5-4 Scattering of a Narrow Band Pulse 5-5 Backscattering of a Pulse from a Narrow Beam Transmitter 5-6 Backscattering of a Train of Short Pulses 5-7 Backscattering of a Pulse from a Transmitter with a Broad Beam 5-8 Bistatic Scattering of a Pulse 5-9 Ambiguity Function Representation 5-10 Pulse Doppler Radar Chapter 6 □ Line-of-Sight Propagation through Tenuous Distribution of Particles 6-1 Coherent and Incoherent Intensities and Spatial Correlation of Fluctuation of a Plane Wave 6-2 Temporal Correlation and Frequency Spectrum of a Plane Wave 6-3 Line-of-Sight Propagation of a Plane-Wave Pulse 6-4 Line-of-Sight Propagation between a Transmitter and a Receiver 6-5 Pulse Propagation between a Transmitter and a Receiver 6-6 Rytov Solution for Amplitude and Phase Fluctuations 6-7 Rytov Solution for a Plane Wave Case 6-8 Temporal Correlation and Frequency Spectra of Log-Amplitude and Phase Fluctuations of a Plane Wave 6-9 Rytov Solution Which Includes Transmitter and Receiver CharacteristicsPart II □ Transport Theory of Waves in Randomly Distributed Scatterers Chapter 7 □ Transport Theory of Wave Propagation in Random Particles 7-1 Specific Intensity, Flux, and Energy Density 7-2 Specific Intensity in Free Space and at Boundaries between Homogeneous Media 7-3 Differential Equation for Specific Intensity 7-4 Reduced Incident Intensity, Diffuse Intensity, Boundary Condition, and Source Function 7-5 Integral Equation Formulation 7-6 Receiving Cross Section and Received Power 7-7 Transport Equation for a Partially Polarized Electromagnetic Wave 7-8 Relationship between Specific Intensity and Pointing Vector Chapter 8 □ Approximate Solutions for Tenuous Medium 8-1 Specific Intensity in the First Order Multiple Scattering Approximation 8-2 Plane Wave Incidence on a Plane-Parallel Medium 8-3 Collimated Beam Incident on a Plane-Parallel Medium Chapter 9 □ Diffusion Approximation 9-1 Derivation of the Diffusion Equation 9-2 Boundary Conditions 9-3 Collimated Beam Incident upon a Slab of Particles 9-4 Solution for a Plane Wave Incident upon a Slab of Particles 9-5 Solution for a Collimated Beam of a Finite Width Incident upon a Slab of Particles 9-6 Diffusion from a Point Source 9-7 Two-Fiber Reflectance 9-8 The Fiberoptic Oximeter Catheter Chapter 10 □ Two and Four Flux Theory 10-1 Kubelka-Munk Two Flux Theory 10-2 Coefficients K and S for the Two Flux Theory 10-3 Four Flux Theory Appendix 10A Chapter 11 □ Plane-Parallel Problem 11-1 Plane Wave Normally Incident upon a Plane-Parallel Slab 11-2 Typical Phase Functions 11-3 Gauss's Quadrature Formula 11-4 General Solution 11-5 Semi-Infinite Medium 11-6 Oblique Incidence and Other Techniques 11-7 Layered Parallel-Plane Medium 11-8 Some Related Problems Chapter 12 □ Isotropic Scattering 12-1 Fourier Transform Method for Isotropic Scattering 12-2 Diffusion and near Field Phenomena 12-3 Radiation from an Arbitrary Incident Intensity 12-4 Radiation from Incident Spherical Wave with Angular Variations 12-5 Radiation from an Arbitrary Source Distribution 12-6 Isotropic Scattering in Finite Volume and the Milne Problem Chapter 13 □ Approximation for Large Particles 13-1 Derivation of Differential Equation for Small Angle Approximation 13-2 General Solution 13-3 Approximate Solution When the Diffuse Intensity is a Slowly Varying Function of AngleReferencesIndex