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Walter and Miller's Textbook of Radiotherapy: Radiation Physics, Therapy and Oncology
- 8th Edition - July 11, 2019
- Editors: Paul R Symonds, John A Mills, Angela Duxbury
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 7 4 8 5 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 7 4 8 4 - 4
Walter and Miller’s Textbook of Radiotherapy is a key textbook for therapeutic radiography students as well as trainee clinical and medical oncologists, clinical physicists and te… Read more
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Request a sales quoteWalter and Miller’s Textbook of Radiotherapy is a key textbook for therapeutic radiography students as well as trainee clinical and medical oncologists, clinical physicists and technologists. The book is divided into 2 sections. The first section covers physics and provides a comprehensive review of radiotherapy physics. This section is designed to be non-physicist friendly, to simply and clearly explain the physical principles upon which radiotherapy and its technology are based. The second section is a systematic review by tumour site giving an up to date summary of radiotherapy practice. The title also covers the place of chemotherapy, surgery and non-radiotherapy treatments as well as the principles of cancer patient treatment including supportive care and palliative treatments. It is a comprehensive must-have resource for anyone studying therapeutic radiotherapy.
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- International System of Units and Prefixes for Physical Quantities
- Section 1
- Introduction
- 1: Atoms, Nuclei and Radioactivity
- Introduction
- Atomic structure
- Particles in electric and magnetic fields
- Waves
- Radioactive Decay
- 2: Interactions of Ionising Radiation With Matter
- Introduction
- Electron interactions
- Photon interactions
- Kerma and absorbed dose for radiotherapy beams
- Heavy charged particle interactions
- Neutron interactions
- 3: Radiation Detection and Measurement
- Introduction
- Radiation detection
- Measurement and standardisation of dose
- Practical ionisation chambers
- Thimble ionisation chamber
- The parallel-plate ionisation chamber
- The beam monitor chamber
- Intercomparisons with secondary standard instruments
- Strontium consistency check device
- Ionisation chamber corrections
- Alternative dose measurement systems
- Composite detectors and arrays
- Electronic portal dosimetry
- Alternative systems for proton beams dose measurement
- 4: Radiation Protection
- Introduction
- Biological effects of radiation
- Dose descriptors
- Background radiation
- Legislative requirements
- Protective measures
- Monitoring of radiation levels
- 5: Imaging With X-Ray, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound
- Introduction
- X-Ray Imaging
- Planar imaging
- Assessment of image quality
- Tomographic imaging
- Dedicated radiotherapy systems
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanners
- Spectroscopy
- Clinical applications of magnetic resonance imaging in oncology
- Ultrasound imaging
- Ultrasound scanners
- Clinical applications of ultrasound imaging
- Clinical therapeutic ultrasound
- 6: Imaging With Radionuclides
- Introduction
- Overview of the radionuclide imaging process
- Gamma cameras
- Positron emission tomography scanners
- Radiopharmaceuticals
- Clinical applications
- Positron emission tomographic imaging
- Conclusions
- 7: Therapy With Unsealed Radionuclides
- Introduction
- Iodine-131 in the treatment of thyroid disease
- Palliation of bone pain
- Molecular radiotherapy treatment of neuroendocrine tumours
- Selective internal radiation therapy
- Phosphorus-32 in the treatment of refractory myeloproliferative disease
- Intraarticular and intracavitary treatments
- Radioimmunotherapy
- Radiation protection, waste and regulations
- 8: Radiotherapy Devices With Kilovoltage X-Rays and Radioisotopes
- Introduction
- Kilovoltage x-ray production
- Kilovoltage x-ray characteristics
- Superficial and deep kilovoltage machines
- Contact kilovoltage machine
- Grenz kilovoltage machine
- Radionuclide characteristics
- Brachytherapy and afterloading machines
- The high dose rate afterloading machine
- Implanted kilovoltage machine
- Beta-ray machine
- Gamma-ray machine
- Radiosurgery
- Radiation safety
- Commissioning and quality control
- Conclusion
- 9: Beam Production: Megavoltage Accelerators
- Introduction
- The medical linear accelerator
- Linear accelerator layout and components
- X-ray beam
- Electron beam
- Linear accelerator control systems
- Nonstandard linear accelerators
- Patient alignment for x-ray and electron therapy
- Radiation safety
- Acceptance, commissioning and quality control
- Treatment room design for x-ray and electron protection
- Special techniques with linear accelerators
- The development of clinical proton and heavier charged particle accelerators
- Particle accelerator layout and components
- Passive-scattered beams and pencil beam scanning beams
- Gantries
- Types of proton and ion accelerators
- Clinical proton therapy centres
- Clinical carbon ion therapy centres
- Noncircular accelerators
- Neutron and other beams
- Shielding of proton therapy accelerators and treatment rooms
- Nanoparticle-enhanced therapy
- Future design
- Record and verify systems
- Conclusion
- 10: Radiation Treatment Planning: Immobilisation, Localisation and Verification Techniques
- Introduction
- Patient immobilisation
- Stereotactic ablative body radiation therapy
- Surface-guided radiotherapy
- Volume definitions
- Noncomputed tomography contouring devices
- Physical simulation
- Computed tomography simulation
- Virtual simulation
- A typical head and neck computed tomography simulation procedure
- Multimodality images for planning
- Portal verification and image-guided treatments
- 11: Radiation Treatment Planning: Beam Models, Principles and Practice
- Introduction
- Representation of the patient for treatment planning
- Beam modelling and dose calculations for external MV photon beam treatment planning
- Dose per monitor unit formalism: calculation of monitor units
- Treatment plan evaluation tools
- Treatment planning techniques in external MV photon beam radiotherapy
- Electron therapy
- Kilovoltage photon therapy
- Differences between kilovoltage and electron therapy
- Proton and heavy-ion therapy
- Quality assurance in treatment planning
- 12: Networking, Data, Image Handling and Computing in Radiotherapy
- Introduction
- Networking
- Radiotherapy data
- Software development
- Conclusion
- 13: Quality Control
- Introduction
- The quality control required
- Commitment to quality control
- Safety, position and dose
- Frequency, tolerances and failure trends
- Measurement and uncertainty
- Null hypothesis
- Combining variances and tolerances
- Setting a tolerance to achieve a performance level
- Performance improvement
- Maintenance and catastrophes
- Long-term, short-term and immediate monitoring
- The radiotherapy process
- The need for patient-specific quality control
- The radiotherapy technology
- Practical patient-specific quality control
- Getting things in balance
- Quality control scheduling for megavoltage machines
- Conclusion
- 14: Quality Management in Radiotherapy
- Introduction: what is quality?
- History of quality in radiotherapy
- Quality management systems
- The ISO 9000 Standard
- The radiotherapy process
- An integrated approach to quality and other initiatives
- Implementation of new technology and new techniques
- Conclusion
- Section 2
- Introduction
- 15: Epidemiology of Cancer and Screening
- The cancer problem
- Cancer in the United States
- Epidemiology of cancer
- Survival and cure in cancer
- Epidemiology and the prevention of cancer
- Aetiology and screening
- Reducing the risks of developing cancer
- Pollution
- Conclusion
- 16: Biological and Pathological Introduction
- Introduction
- Growth: proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis
- Neoplasia
- Carcinogenesis
- Precancerous lesions
- Natural history and spread of cancer
- Staging of cancers
- Histological grading: differentiation
- Growth rate of cancers
- Classification of neoplasms
- Current advances in pathology guiding patient management
- 17: Molecular, Cellular and Tissue Effects of Radiotherapy
- Introduction
- Ionising radiation, free radical generation, subcellular radiogenic damage
- Recovery, DNA damage repair and damage signalling
- Radiation-induced cell killing
- Radiation effects in normal and malignant tissue
- Other radiation modalities
- Future trends (and pitfalls)
- 18: Principles of Management of Patients With Cancer
- Introduction
- Factors governing clinical decisions
- 19: Chemotherapy and Hormones
- Introduction
- Principles of cytotoxic therapy
- Route of administration
- Side effects of chemotherapy
- Classification of cytotoxic drugs
- 20: Skin and Lip Cancer
- Introduction
- Keratinocyte skin tumours
- Comparison of outcome for different modalities in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas
- Melanoma
- Management of recurrent or metastatic melanoma
- Side effects of immunotherapy
- Role of radiotherapy in malignant melanoma
- Cutaneous lymphomas
- Merkel cell tumours
- Skin sarcoma
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Skin appendage tumours
- 21: Head and Neck Cancer—General Principles
- Introduction
- Demographics
- Aetiology
- Prevention and early diagnosis
- Tumour types
- Presentation
- Investigation
- Nutrition
- Dentition
- Indications for radiotherapy
- Radiotherapy planning
- Target volumes
- Radiotherapy technique
- Dose and fractionation
- Chemotherapy in head and neck cancer
- Chemotherapy in the palliative setting
- Toxicity of treatment
- Future developments
- 22: Sino-Nasal, Oral, Larynx and Pharynx Cancers
- Nasopharynx
- Nose and Nasal Cavity
- Paranasal Sinus Tumours
- Lip and Oral Cavity Carcinoma
- Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
- Larynx
- Glottic cancers (Figs 22.52–22.56)
- Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma
- 23: Thyroid Cancer
- Introduction and epidemiology
- Anatomy
- Aetiological factors
- Presentation, diagnosis and patient pathway
- Differentiated thyroid cancer
- Medullary thyroid cancer
- Anaplastic thyroid cancer
- Thyroid lymphoma
- Thyroid sarcoma
- Hurthle cell carcinoma
- External beam radiotherapy for thyroid cancer
- Follow-up policy for thyroid cancer patients
- 24: Gastrointestinal Cancer
- Cancer of the oesophagus
- Cancer of the Stomach
- Pancreas
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Future perspectives
- Cancer of the colon and rectum
- Anal cancer
- 25: Tumours of the Thorax
- Lung cancer
- Conclusion
- 26: Breast Cancer
- Anatomy
- Pathology
- Molecular classification of breast cancer
- Multidisciplinary management of breast cancer
- Diagnosis
- Staging
- Management of ductal carcinoma in situ
- Role of postoperative radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ
- Prognostic and predictive factors for invasive breast cancer
- Regional nodal irradiation
- Indications for internal mammary irradiation
- Target volume and techniques for locoregional irradiation
- Intensity modulated radiotherapy
- Adjuvant hormonal and cytotoxic therapy
- Adjuvant/neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy (polychemotherapy)
- Management of locally advanced breast cancer
- Bone metastases: prevention and treatment
- Clinical outcomes in early and advanced metastatic breast cancer
- Follow-up
- Breast cancer in pregnancy
- Breast cancer in males
- 27: Gynaecological Cancer
- Anatomy
- Incidence of gynaecological cancer
- Carcinoma of cervix
- Carcinoma of endometrium
- Sarcomas of the uterus
- Cancer of the ovary
- Rare tumours of the ovary
- Tumours of the vagina and vulva
- 28: Cancer of Kidney, Bladder, Prostate, Testis, Urethra and Penis
- Kidney
- Bladder
- Prostate
- Testis
- Testicular lymphoma
- Urethra
- Penis
- 29: Lymphoma and Disease of Bone Marrow
- Introduction
- Multiple Myeloma
- Leukaemia
- Myeloproliferative Disorders
- Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Radiotherapy Doses, Techniques and Toxicities
- Chemotherapy Regimens and Toxicities
- 30: Tumours of the Central Nervous System
- Introduction
- Tumour types
- Anatomy of the central nervous system
- Clinical features—presentation of brain tumours
- Principles of management
- Individual tumour types
- Low-grade gliomas
- Ependymoma (intracranial)
- Central nervous system lymphoma
- Germinoma
- Medulloblastoma
- Meningioma
- Pituitary tumours and craniopharyngioma
- Craniopharyngioma
- Vestibular schwannoma
- Chordomas and low-grade chordosarcomas
- Spinal cord tumours—primary
- Cerebral metastases
- Spinal cord compression
- 31: Eye and Orbit
- Anatomy
- Principles of radiotherapy to the eye
- Radiation and ocular morbidity
- Benign conditions
- Malignant Tumours
- Primary Malignant Tumours
- 32: Sarcomas
- Soft tissue sarcomas
- Bone tumours
- Chondrosarcoma
- Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of bone
- 33: Principles of Paediatric Oncology
- Introduction
- Toxicity of radiotherapy for children
- Tolerance of critical organs to radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy/radiotherapy interactions
- Radiotherapy quality assurance
- Leukaemia
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Neuroblastoma
- Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma)
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour
- Osteosarcoma
- Central nervous system tumours
- Conclusions
- 34: Care of Patients During Radiotherapy
- Introduction
- Assessment of individual patient and carer needs
- Skin reactions
- Nutrition
- Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea
- Fatigue
- Psychosocial issues
- Communication
- Information
- Consent
- Spiritual needs
- Complementary therapies
- The impact on staff
- 35: Medical Complications of Malignant Disease
- Effusions secondary to malignant disease
- Metabolic and endocrine manifestations of malignancy
- Infection
- Paraneoplastic syndromes
- 36: Proton Beam Therapy
- Introduction
- Physics and technology of proton beam therapy
- Proton beam therapy in children, teenagers and young adults
- Proton beam therapy for adult cancers
- Conclusions and future directions
- Index
- No. of pages: 640
- Language: English
- Edition: 8
- Published: July 11, 2019
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780702074851
- eBook ISBN: 9780702074844
PS
Paul R Symonds
Affiliations and expertise
Emeritus Professor of Clinical Oncology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Honorary Consultant Oncologist, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UKJM
John A Mills
Affiliations and expertise
Physicist, MACS-Quality Control Provider, James Watt House, Hinckley, UKAD
Angela Duxbury
Affiliations and expertise
Emeritus Professor of Therapeutic Radiography, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK