Viruses, Bacteria and Fungi in the Built Environment

Designing Healthy Indoor Environments

1st Edition - December 2, 2021
Editors: F. Pacheco-Torgal, Volodymyr Ivanov, Joseph O. Falkinham
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 2 0 6 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 2 2 1 - 0

Viruses, Bacteria and Fungi in the Built Environment: Designing Healthy Indoor Environments opens with a brief introduction to viruses, bacteria and fungi in the built environme… Read more

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Viruses, Bacteria and Fungi in the Built Environment: Designing Healthy Indoor Environments opens with a brief introduction to viruses, bacteria and fungi in the built environment and discusses their impact on human health. Sections discuss the microbiology of building materials, the airborne transmission of viruses and bacteria in the built environment, and plumbing-associated microbiome. As the first book on this important area to be written in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, this work will be a valuable reference resource for researchers, civil engineers, architects, postgraduate students, contractors and other professionals working and interested in the field of the built environment.

Elements of building design, including choice of materials, ventilation and plumbing can have important implications for the microbiology of a building, and consequently, the health of the building's occupants. This important new reference work explains the microbiology of buildings and disease control in the built environment to those who design and implement new construction and renovate.

Cover
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
1: Introduction to virus, bacteria, and fungi in the built environment
Abstract
1.1: Virus, bacteria, and fungi in the built environment
1.2: Outline of the book
References
Part One: Basics of microbiology and pathogenic contamination
2: Introduction to viruses, bacteria, and fungi in the built environment
Abstract
2.1: Ecosystems of the built environment
2.2: Diversity of microorganisms
2.3: Diversity of bacteria and archaea
2.4: Prokaryotes in the indoor environment
2.5: Viruses in the indoor environment
2.6: Microscopic fungi in the indoor environment
2.7: Microscopic algae in the indoor environment
2.8: Protozoa in the indoor environment
2.9: Bioaerosols of an indoor environment
2.10: The sources of bioaerosols
2.11: Virus aerosols
2.12: Bacterial aerosols
2.13: Fungal aerosols
2.14: Concentration of aerosols
2.15: Bioaerosol sampling
2.16: Mycotoxins in the indoor environment
2.17: Selection of the built ecosystem
2.18: Bioaerosols and indoor air quality
2.19: Fate of bioaerosols in the environment
2.20: Bioaerosols from wastewater treatment, spray irrigation, or biotechnological plants
2.21: Open ecosystems
2.22: Semiclosed and closed ecosystems
2.23: Bioregeneration balance
2.24: Bioregeneration biotechnologies
2.25: Microbiological problems of the closed systems
2.26: Conclusions
References
3: Opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) in the built-environment
Abstract
3.1: Introduction to opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens
3.2: Human diseases linked to OPPPs in the built-environment
3.3: Shared characteristics of OPPPs
3.4: Habitats of OPPPs in the built environment
3.5: Built-environmental characteristics favoring OPPPs
3.6: Transmission of OPPPs in the built environments
3.7: Reduction of OPPP numbers in the built-environment
References
4: Influence of surface materials on biofilm formation
Abstract
Acknowledgments
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Influence of pipe materials on biofilm formation in DWDS
4.3: Methodology to evaluate the biofilm formation potential of materials
References
5: Black fungi in the built environment—The good, the bad, and the ugly
Abstract
Acknowledgments
5.1: The built mycobiome
5.2: Occurrence of black fungi in the built environment
5.3: Concluding remarks
References
6: Air and wall mycobiota interactions—A case study in the Old Cathedral of Coimbra
Abstract
Funding
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Materials and methods
6.3: Results and discussion
6.4: Conclusions
References
7: Airborne transmission of bacteria bioburden
Abstract
7.1: Airborne transmission of bacteria bioburden indoor
7.2: Airborne transmission of bacteria bioburden outdoor
References
8: Airborne bacteria and sick building syndrome (SBS)
Abstract
8.1: Airborne bacterial composition
8.2: Sick building syndrome (SBS)
8.3: Association between airborne bacteria and SBS
8.4: Conclusions
References
Part Two: Strategies for monitoring and control of indoor pathogens
9: Fungal contamination assessment in healthcare environments—A bibliographic review
Abstract
Acknowledgments
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Materials and methods
9.3: Results
9.4: Discussion
9.5: Conclusions
References
10: Indoor fungi threshold levels
Abstract
10.1: Impact of indoor air molds on humans
10.2: Measuring fungal concentrations in homes
10.3: Which fungal species are involved in fungal diseases of domestic origin and what thresholds are at risk?
10.4: State guidelines for acceptable threshold limits in housing related to fungal disease risk
10.5: Health challenges of establishing risk thresholds
10.6: Conclusion
References
11: Smart technologies for COVID-19 indoor monitoring
Abstract
Acknowledgments
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Background and related work
11.3: Case studies
11.4: Results and evaluation
11.5: Conclusion and future works
References
12: Ventilation strategies for healthy indoors in hospitals
Abstract
12.1: Introduction
12.2: Chemical and biological contaminants in indoor environments
12.3: Safety and infection control
12.4: Environmental design strategies
12.5: Ventilation and energy cost
12.6: Conclusion and future trends
References
13: Innovative coating materials to prevent fungi growth
Abstract
13.1: Introduction
13.2: Materials and methods
13.3: Results and discussion
13.4: Conclusions
References
14: What kind of new antimicrobial technology can we use at the present time in architecture?
Abstract
Acknowledgments
14.1: Problem with wood decaying microorganisms
14.2: Conclusion
References
Further reading
Index

F. Pacheco-Torgal

Dr. F. Pacheco Torgal is a Principal Investigator at the University of Minho in Portugal. He holds the title of Counsellor at the Portuguese Engineers Association. He is a member of the editorial boards for nine international journals. Over the last 10 years he has participated in the research decision for more than 460 papers and has also acted as a Foreign Expert on the evaluation of 22 PhD thesis. Over the last 10 years he has also been a Member of the Scientific Committees for more than 60 conferences, most of them held in Asian countries. He is also a grant assessor for several scientific institutions in 15 countries, including the UK, US, Netherlands, China, France, Australia, Kazakhstan, Belgium, Spain, Czech Republic, Chile, Saudi Arabia, UA. Emirates, Croatia, Poland, and the EU Commission. In the last 10 years, he reviewed more than 70 research projects.

Affiliations and expertise

C-TAC Research Centre, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal

Volodymyr Ivanov

Dr. Volodymyr Ivanov has more than 40 years of teaching and research experience on Environmental, Industrial, and Construction Microbiology and Biotechnology in the universities of Europe, Asia, and USA. He has authored 200 papers, patents, book chapters and 8 monographs. His textbook “Environmental Microbiology for Engineers”, Francis & Taylor, 1st (2010) and 2nd (2015) editions, has been adopted for graduate and post-graduate courses in many universities. His research experience includes the supervision and participation in numerous projects on biotechnologies with biofilms and biogranules, microbial transformations of iron, biocementation, bioclogging, bioremediation of soil, and microbiological monitoring of water quality.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Joseph O. Falkinham

Dr Falkinham is a professor of microbiology in the Department of Biological Sciences at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. His research interests include the epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium, metal oxidation and reduction in biofilms and predatory bacteria ecology

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA