Venomous Animals and Their Venoms

Venomous Invertebrates

1st Edition - January 28, 1971
Editors: Wolfgang Bücherl, Eleanor E. Buckley
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 2 8 9 - 5

Venomous Animals and their Venoms, Volume III: Venomous Invertebrates provides a comprehensive presentation of the entire field of the venomous members of the animal kingdom and… Read more

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Venomous Animals and their Venoms, Volume III: Venomous Invertebrates provides a comprehensive presentation of the entire field of the venomous members of the animal kingdom and chemistry and biochemistry of their venoms, including their pharmacological actions and antigenic properties. This volume focuses on venomous invertebrates, such as insects, centipedes, spiders, scorpions, venomous mollusks, and marine animals. Animals that possess at least one or more venom glands and mechanisms for excretion or extrusion of the venom, as well as apparatus with which to inflict wounds or inject the venomous substances are characterized in this book as “actively venomous”, while creatures that have venom glands and venom-excreting ducts, but lack adequate apparatus for inflicting wounds or injecting venom, such as toads, frogs, and salamanders are identified as “passively venomous.” This publication is a valuable reference for physicians and veterinarians seeking information on the injuries caused by venomous animals.

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Introduction

Venomous Insects

Chapter 44. Morphology and Function of the Venom Apparatus of Insects—Bees, Wasps, Ants, and Caterpillars

I. Introduction

II. The Sting Apparatus of Aculeate Hymenoptera

III. The Urticating Hairs of Lepidopterous Larvae

References

Chapter 45. Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Bee, Wasp, and Hornet Venoms

I. Introductory Remarks

II. Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Single Venom Constituents

III. Possible Hazards for Man and Their Prevention

References

Chapter 46. The Venomous Ants of the Genus Solenopsis

I. Introduction

II. Systematics

III. Biological Cycle of Solenopsis Saevissima Richten

References

Chapter 47. Pharmacological Studies on Caterpillar Venoms

I. Historical Data on Lepidopterism

II. Urticating Caterpillars

III. Venom Apparatus

IV. Pharmacology of Extracts from Caterpillar Setae

References

Chapter 48. Poisoning from Adult Moths and Caterpillars

I. Introduction

II. Lepidopterism

III. The Poisonous Lepidoptera

IV. Ecology

V. Symptomatology of Lepidopterism

VI. Prevention and Treatment of Lepidopterism

VII. Erucism

VIII. Poisonous Caterpillars

IX. Ecology

X. Symptomatology of Erucism

XI. Prevention and Treatment of Erucism

References

Chapter 49. Lepidopterism in Brazil

I. History

II. Species

III. Clinical Symptoms

IV. Pathology

V. Treatment

References

Venomous Centipedes, Spiders, and Scorpions

Chapter 50. Venomous Chilopods or Centipedes

I. Introduction

II. Description, Classification, Distribution, and Biology of Scolopendromorpha

III. Venom Apparatus and Toxicity of Scolopendromorph Venoms

References

Chapter 51. Spiders

I. Introduction

II. The Morphology of Spiders

III. The Classification of Venomous Spiders

IV. Description, Distribution, and Biology of Dangerous Species

V. Defense against Dangerous Spiders

VI. The Venom Apparatus of Spiders

VII. Extraction and Toxicity of Spider Venoms

References

Chapter 52. Phoneutria nigriventer Venom—Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Its Components

I. Crude Venom Pharmacology

II. Biochemistry of the Phoneutria nigriventer Venom

References

Chapter 53. Latrodectism in Mediterranean Countries, Including South Russia, Israel, and North Africa

I. Introduction and Symtomatology

II. Kinds of Latrodectus in Mediterranean Areas

III. History

IV. Epidemiology of Latrodectism

V. Spread of Latrodectism in Single Mediterranean Countries

VI. Folklore Treatment of Latrodectism in Mediterranean Areas

References

Chapter 54. Chemical and Pharmacological Properties of Tityus Venoms

I. Introduction

II. Toxicity and Symptoms of Intoxication

III. Chemistry of the Venoms

IV. Pharmacological Properties

V. Conclusion

References

Chapter 55. Classification, Biology, and Venom Extraction of Scorpions

I. Introduction

II. Morphology, Classification, and Distribution

III. Biology of Scorpions

IV. Extraction and Toxicity of Scorpion Venoms

References

Chapter 56. Scorpionism in the Old World

I. History

II. Geographic Distribution of Dangerous Scorpions

III. The Venom

IV. Experimental Study of Toxicity

V. Envenomation in Man

VI. Pathological Physiology

VII. Treatment

References

Venomous Mollusks

Chapter 57. Mollusks—Classification, Distribution, Venom Apparatus and Venoms, Symptomatology of Stings

I. Introduction

II. Poison Cone Shells

III. Octopuses

References

Venomous Coelenterates, Echinoderms, and Annelids

Chapter 58. Venomous Coeienterates: Hydroids, Jellyfishes, Corals, and Sea Anemones

I. Introduction

II. List of Representative Venomous Coeienterates

III. Nature of Coelenterate Venoms, Medical Aspects

References

Chapter 59. Venomous Echinoderms and Annelids: Starfishes, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, and Segmented Worms

I. Echinoderms

II. Venomous Annelids

References

Chapter 60. Animal Venoms in Therapy

I. Introduction

II. Snake Venoms

III. Toad Venoms

IV. Spider Venoms

V. Bee Venom

VI. Venom Combinations

VII. Appendix: Snake Venoms as Anticoagulants

References

Author Index

Subject Index