Variational and Extremum Principles in Macroscopic Systems
1st Edition
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Description
Recent years have seen a growing trend to derive models of macroscopic phenomena encountered in the fields of engineering, physics, chemistry, ecology, self-organisation theory and econophysics from various variational or extremum principles. Through the link between the integral extremum of a functional and the local extremum of a function (explicit, for example, in the Pontryagin’s maximum principle variational and extremum principles are mutually related. Thus it makes sense to consider them within a common context.
The main goal of Variational and Extremum Principles in Macroscopic Systems is to collect various mathematical formulations and examples of physical reasoning that involve both basic theoretical aspects and applications of variational and extremum approaches to systems of the macroscopic world.
The first part of the book is focused on the theory, whereas the second focuses on applications. The unifying variational approach is used to derive the balance or conservation equations, phenomenological equations linking fluxes and forces, equations of change for processes with coupled transfer of energy and substance, and optimal conditions for energy management.
Key Features
- A unique multidisciplinary synthesis of variational and extremum principles in theory and application
- A comprehensive review of current and past achievements in variational formulations for macroscopic processes
- Uses Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms as a basis for the exposition of novel approaches to transfer and conversion of thermal, solar and chemical energy
Readership
Readership is extremely broad and includes applied mathematicians, mathematical physicists, applied physicists, chemists, geologists, ecologists, mechanical engineers, chemical engineers, economists and system theorists, undergraduates, graduates and instructors, both from academia and industry.
Table of Contents
List of contributors
Preface
Part I: Theory
I.1. Progress in Variational Formulations for Macroscopic Processes I.2. Lagrange-Formalism and Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes: The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics and the Principle of Least Entropy Production as Straightforward Structures in Lagrange-Formalism I.3. Fundamental Problems of Variational Principles: Objectivity, Symmetries and Construction I.4. Semi-Inverse Method for Establishment of Variational Principles for Incremental Thermoelasticity with Voids I.5. Variational Formulations of Relativistic Elasticity and Thermo-Elasticity I.6. The Geometric Variational Framework for Entropy in General Relativity I.7. Translational and Rotational Motion of a Unaxial Liquid Crystal as Derived Using Hamilton’s Principle of Least Action I.8. An Introduction to Variational Derivation of the Pseudo-Momentum Conservation in Thermo-Hydrodynamics I.9. Towards a Variational Mechanics of Dissipative Continua? I.10. On the Principle of Least Action and its Role in the Alternative Theory of Non-Equilibrium Processes I.11. Variational Principles for the Linearly Damped Flow of Barotropic and Madelung-Type Fluids I.12. Least Action Principle for Dissipative Processes I.13. Hamiltonian Formulation as a Basis of Quantized Thermal Processes I.14. Conservation Laws and Variational Conditions for Wave Propagation in Planarly-Stratified Media I.15. Master Equations and Path-Integral Formulation of Variational Principles for Reactions I.16. Variational Principles for the Speed of Traveling Fronts of Reaction-Diffusion Equations I.17. The Fermat Principle and Chemical Waves
Part II: Applications
Statistical Physics and Thermodynamics
II.1. Fisher Variational Principle and Thermodynamics II.2. Generalized Entropy and the Hamiltonian Structure of Statistical Mechanics
Hydrodynamics and Continuum Mechanics
II.3. Some Observations of Entropy Extrema in Physical Processes II.4. A Variational Principle for the Drag in Linear Hydrodynamics II.5. A Variational Principle for the Impinging Streams Problem II.6. Variational Principles in Stability Analysis of Composite Structures
Transport Phenomena and Energy Conversion
II.7. Field Variational Principles for Irreversible Energy and Mass Transfer II.8. Variational Principles for Irreversible Hyperbolic Transport II.9. A Variational Principle for Transport Processes in Continuous Systems: Derivation and Application II.10. Do the Navier-Stokes Equations Admit a Variational Formulation? II.11. Entropy Generation Minimization in Steady State Heat Conduction II.12. The Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Radiation Interaction II.13. Optimal Finite-Time Endoreversible Processes- General Theory and Applications II.14. Evolutionary Energy Method (EEM) – An Aerothermoservoelectrostatic Application
Ecology
II.15. Maximization of Eco-Exergy in Ecosystems
Selforganization and Econophysics
II.16. Self-Organized Criticality within the Framework of Variational Principle II.17. Extremum Criteria for Nonequilibrium States of Dissipative Macroeconomic systems II.18. Extremal Principles and Limiting Possibilities of Open Thermodynamic and Economic Systems
Glossary of principal symbols
Index
Details
- No. of pages:
- 810
- Language:
- English
- Copyright:
- © Elsevier Science 2005
- Published:
- 30th March 2005
- Imprint:
- Elsevier Science
- Hardcover ISBN:
- 9780080444888
- eBook ISBN:
- 9780080456140
About the Authors
Stanislaw Sieniutycz
Stanislaw Sieniutycz is Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology in Poland. His research focuses on thermal and chemical engineering with special emphasis on the control, stability and optimization of chemical and electrochemical reaction systems. He published 10 books with international scientific publishers and 224 articles in international scientific journals, and 140 conference and invited papers. He is Associate Editor and Member of Editorial Board of the Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Associate Editor and Member of Editorial Board of the Journal: Open Systems and Information Dynamics, Associate Editor and Member of Editorial Board of the Journal: International Journal of Applied Thermodynamics, Member of Editorial Board of the Journal: Energy and Conversion Management, Associate Editor of Advances in Thermodynamics Series, Member of Committee of Chemical Engineering at Polish Academy of Sciences. He received 7 awards.
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor of Chemical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Poland
Henrik Farkas
Affiliations and Expertise
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
Reviews
"This book will be valuable for mathematicians, physicists, chemists, and engineers, in particular those involoved in the application of the mathematical and thermodynamic knowledge to systems with energy generation and transport, solar radiation, chemical waves, liquid crystals, thermo-elastic media, composites, multiphase flows, porous media, membrane transfer, microeconomics, etc." --INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR SCIENCES AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION, 2006
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