Vapour–Liquid Equilibrium

2nd Edition - January 1, 1967
Authors: Eduard Hála, Jiří Pick, Vojtěch Fried
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 6 0 8 6 - 3

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium, Second Edition covers the theoretical principles and methods of calculation of equilibrium conditions from various experimental data and the elements of… Read more

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Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium, Second Edition covers the theoretical principles and methods of calculation of equilibrium conditions from various experimental data and the elements of measuring technique, as well as the instruments for the direct determination of the equilibrium compositions of the liquid and vapor phases of the system. The book discusses the relations necessary for the thermodynamic treatment of the equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phase of a system; the concept of an ideal solution and auxiliary thermodynamic functions; and the activity and the activity coefficient. The text also describes vapor-liquid equilibrium in real systems (electrolytes and non-electrolytes) and in systems whose components (i.e. temperature, pressure, and composition of phases) mutually react according to several stoichiometric equations. The criteria of purity of substances and the methods of measuring temperature; low, medium, and high pressures; the pressures of the saturated vapors at given temperatures; and the boiling points at given pressures used in laboratory work in the field of vapor-liquid equilibrium are considered. The book also tackles the methods for the direct determination of equilibrium data (distillation, circulation, static, dew and bubble point, and flow methods). The text concludes with a review of the literature on the systems whose vapor-liquid equilibrium data had been measured and reported to the beginning of 1954. Workers in the chemical industry who deal with problems of distillation and rectification will find the book useful.

List of Examples

List of Symbols

Introduction

Introduction to the First English Edition

Introduction to the Second English Edition

Part I. The Thermodynamics of Solutions

1. General Relations

1.1. Criterion of Equilibrium

1.2. One-component Systems

1.3. Multicomponent Systems

2. The Ideal Solution

2.1. Definition of the Ideal Solution

2.2. Results Following from the Definition of the Ideal Solution

2.3. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Ideal Systems

3. Real Solutions

3.1. The Activity and the Activity Coefficient

4. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Real Systems (Non-electrolytes)

4.1. Constituents Completely Miscible in the Liquid Phase; Ideal Vapor Phase

4.2. Constituents Partially Miscible in the Liquid Phase; Ideal Vapor Phase

4.3. Activity Coefficients and Physical Properties of the Pure Constituents

4.4. Real Vapor Phase

4.5. Calculation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Real Systems from Indirect Data

5. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Real Systems (Electrolytes)

5.1. Excess Free Enthalpy of Dilution and the Mean Rational Activity Coefficients of Ions

5.2. Dependence of the Mean Rational Activity Coefficients of the Components on the Composition of the Solution

6. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Systems whose Components Mutually React According to Several Stoichiometric Equations

6.1. General Relations

6.2. Applications

Part II. Laboratory Technique

1. Criteria of Purity of Substances

1.1. Constants of Heterogeneous Equilibria

1.2. Other Physical Constants

1.3. Analytical Criteria of Purity

2. Temperature and its Measurement

2.1. The International Temperature Scale

2.2. Mercury Thermometers

2.3. The Resistance Thermometer

2.4. Thermocouples

3. Pressure and its Measurement

3.1. Units

3.2. Measurement of Atmospheric Pressure

3.3. Measurement of Low Pressures

3.4. Measurement of High Pressures

3.5. Manostats

4. Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point

4.1. Theoretical

4.2. Experimental

4.3. Treatment of the Experimental Data

5. Direct Experimental Determination of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium

5.1. Distillation Method

5.2. Circulation Method

5.3. Static Method

5.4. Dew and Bubble Point Method

5.5. Flow Method

5.6. Evaluation of Stills and Methods for the Direct Determination of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium

5.7. Consistency of Measured Data

References for Parts I and II

Part III. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data

Alphabetical Index According to the Constituents of the Systems

References for Part III

Index