Vaccinology and Methods in Vaccine Research

1st Edition - March 10, 2022
Editors: Rebecca Ashfield, Angus Nnamdi Oli, Charles Esimone, Linda Onyeka Anagu
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 1 4 6 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 4 3 8 - 3

Vaccinology and Methods in Vaccine Research is a combination of cutting-edge methodologies, experimental approaches and literature reviews. The book covers all aspects of vaccine d… Read more

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Vaccinology and Methods in Vaccine Research is a combination of cutting-edge methodologies, experimental approaches and literature reviews. The book covers all aspects of vaccine development, including basic immunology (focusing on the stimulation of adaptive immunity, which is required for vaccine efficacy), approaches to vaccine design and target validation, vaccine biomanufacturer and clinical development. Existing vaccinology resources are theoretical reference books, whereas this book provides a practical handbook for use in the research lab and classroom by those working in vaccinology and training others in the field.

It is authored and edited by scientists actively engaged in vaccine research and development for day-to-day teaching/methodological advice.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1. Immunology and the concept of vaccination
Abstract
Manipulation of the immune system by vaccination
Overview of immunity and the immune system
Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines
References
Chapter 2. Vaccine types and reverse vaccinology
Abstract
Introduction
Fundamentals of vaccine immunology
Classes of vaccines
Immunoinformatics
References
Chapter 3. Dendritic cells as vaccine targets
Abstract
Introduction to dendritic cells
Origin and types of dendritic cells
Location of dendritic cells
Receptors of dendritic cells
References
Further reading
Chapter 4. Vaccine development: from the laboratory to the field
Abstract
Introduction
Antigen selection for new vaccines
Genetic studies
Basic protein studies
Other methods of in vitro evaluation of immunogenicity
Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 5. Harnessing the power of CD8+ T-cells: identification and validation of peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class I by immunopeptidomics
Abstract
CD8+ T cells and major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation
Proteasome cleavage mechanisms
Intracellular trafficking of peptides
Peptide binding affinity to major histocompatibility complex class I
Tools for discovering immunogenic peptides
Immunopeptidomics
Vaccine design based on immunopeptidomics
Methods for the validation of immunogenic peptides
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6. Virus-like particle vaccines
Abstract
Introduction
Immune response to virus-like particles
Production of virus-like particles
Expression systems
Manufacturing: upstream process
Manufacturing: purification of virus-like particles (downstream process)
Major contaminants and removal strategies
Analytical tools for virus-like particles
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Approaches to cancer vaccination
Abstract
Introduction
Types of cancer vaccines
Novel trends in cancer vaccine development
Cancer vaccine delivery systems
Summary
References
Chapter 8. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic
The spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus
COVID-19 vaccine development
Nucleic acid–based vaccines
Viral vector vaccines
Antigen-presenting cell-based vaccines
Whole organism-based vaccines
Future vaccine requirements and challenges
References
Chapter 9. Adjuvants, immunomodulators, and adaptogens
Abstract
Introduction
Aluminum-based adjuvants
Emulsion-based adjuvants
Saponins
Immune stimulating complexes
TLR agonists
Nanoparticles
Liposomes
Exosomes
GSK adjuvant systems
Cholera toxin
Freund’s adjuvant
α-GalCer
Adjuvant properties of the microbiome
Plant-derived adaptogens
References
Chapter 10. GMP manufacture and quality control
Abstract
Introduction
Regulation
GMP manufacture
Vaccine purification
In process controls and final release testing
References
Chapter 11. Testing vaccines: essential steps in clinical trial design
Abstract
Introduction
Vaccine development pathway
Introduction to good clinical practice
Consent
Good clinical practice compliant documentation
Clinical trial roles and responsibilities
Ensuring quality
Safety
Adverse events
Other trial considerations
Final word
References
Index

Rebecca Ashfield

Rebecca Ashfield Jenner Institute, University of Oxford (ORCRB Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ). BA (1st class) Oxford, DPhil Oxford, over 20 years working in field of immunotherapy and vaccine development. Currently CSO of Ducentis Biotherapeutics Ltd and Senior Project Manager at the Jenner Institute. Organiser/co-leader of several vaccinology courses in Oxford and Leiden. Edited most recent Jenner Institute triennial report. Expertise in vaccine GMP manufacture, led successful application to Innovate UK for £75M vaccine innovation and manufacturing centre, currently being built at Harwell in Oxfordshire. H=20

Affiliations and expertise

Currently CSO of Ducentis Biotherapeutics Ltd and Senior Project Manager, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, UK

Angus Nnamdi Oli

Angus Nnamdi Oli Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU), Agulu Campus (Post code 422001, Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria). BPharm. and MPharm. UNN, DPhil NAU and a DPharm. University of Benin, Nigeria. Currently a Senior Lecturer with over 8 years’ experience. Author of several articles in peer-reviewed journals indexed in Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus. Current research interests/career goals are Infection and immunology of infectious diseases with emphasis of viral and bacterial infections, development of effective vaccines with strong antibody and T lymphocytes effect or responses against the infections, Pharmaceutical Quality Systems and Clinical vaccinology. H: 5

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Lecturer, Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU), Agulu Campus, Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria

Charles Esimone

Charles Okechukwu Esimone Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU, Main Campus, PMB 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria). BPharm., MPharm. and PhD in Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). With over 20 years’ experience as a lecturer and research scientist and over 12 years’ experience in vaccinology/immunology research. Currently a Professor and VC of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Current Biomedical Research and the Biomedical Research Committee, currently chaired by me, focuses on the development of biotechnological products such as vaccines for tropical diseases, amongst other interest. H: 18

Affiliations and expertise

Lecturer and Senior Scientist, Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU, Main Campus, PMB 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria). BPharm., MPharm. and PhD in Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), Nigeria

Linda Onyeka Anagu

Linda Onyeka Anagu Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU), Agulu Campus (Post code 422001, Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria). BPharm. and MPharm. UNN, DPhil Keele University. With over 8 years’ experience as a lecturer and research scientist. She has interest in vaccine design/development processes that borders on her expertise in molecular cloning and Plasmodium epigenetics. Recently, attended the Vaccinology Summer School organized by Dr. Rebecca Ashfield and the late Dr. Sahid Khan in Leiden. Edited the recent, 2015 edition of LABORATORY HANDBOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, used by undergraduate and postgraduate students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University. ERC H: 5

Affiliations and expertise

Lecturer and Research Scientist, Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU), Agulu Campus, Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria). BPharm. and MPharm. UNN, DPhil Keele University, Nigeria