Ultrasmall Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Imaging and Therapy

Most books discuss general and broad topics regarding molecular imagings. However, Ultrasmall Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Imaging and Therapy, will mainly focus on lanthanide oxide nanoparticles for molecular imaging and therapeutics. Multi-modal imaging capabilities will discussed, along with up-converting FI by using lanthanide oxide nanoparticles. The synthesis will cover polyol synthesis of lanthanide oxide nanoparticles, Surface coatings with biocompatible and hydrophilic ligands will be discussed and TEM images and dynamic light scattering (DLS) patterns will be provided. Various techniques which are generally used in analyzing the synthesized surface coated nanoparticles will be explored and this section will also cover FT­, IR analysis, XRD analysis, SQUID analysis, cytotoxicity measurements and proton relaxivity measurements. In vivo MR images, CT images, fluorescence images will be provided and Therapeutic application of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles will be discussed. Finally, future perpectives will be discussed. That is, present status and future works needed for clinical applications of lanthanide oxide nanoparticles to molecular imagings will be discussed.

• Synthesis will be discussed in detail
• General characterizations of nanoparticles before in vivo applications will be discussed
• The book will cover all possible applications of lanthanide oxide nanoparticles to molecular imagings such as MRI, CT, FI as well as therapeutics

Scientists and first year graduate students who are interested in molecular imagings and biomedicine

<li>Dedication</li> <li>List of figures and tables</li> <li>List of abbrevations</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>Preface</li> <li>About the authors</li> <li>1: Introduction to biomedical imaging<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>1.1 What is biomedical imaging?</li><li>1.2 Various imaging modalities now available</li><li>1.3 References</li></ul></li> <li>2: Properties and possible application areas<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>2.1 Introduction</li><li>2.2 Possible application areas</li><li>2.3 References</li></ul></li> <li>3: Synthesis and surface modification<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>3.1 Synthesis</li><li>3.2 Surface coating</li><li>3.3 Other lanthanide nano-systems</li><li>3.4 References</li></ul></li> <li>4: Characterization<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>4.1 Introduction</li><li>4.2 Particle diameter and morphology</li><li>4.3 Crystal structure</li><li>4.4 Hydrodynamic diameter (a)</li><li>4.5 Surface coating confirmation</li><li>4.6 Surface coating amount</li><li>4.7 Magnetic properties</li><li>4.8 Cytotoxicity</li><li>4.9 Water proton relaxivity and map image</li><li>4.10 Biodistribution</li><li>4.11 <i>In vivo</i> TEM analysis of nanoparticles</li><li>4.12 Fluorescent properties</li><li>4.13 References</li></ul></li> <li>5: MRI, CT, FI, and multi-modal imaging and images<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>5.1 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and images</li><li>5.2 X-ray computed tomography (CT) and images</li><li>5.3 Fluorescent imaging (FI) and images</li><li>5.4 Multi-modal imaging</li><li>5.5 References</li></ul></li> <li>6: A simple model calculation of water proton relaxivities<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>6.1 Introduction</li><li>6.2 Magnetization</li><li>6.3 Longitudinal water proton relaxation (T₁) and relaxivity (r₁)</li><li>6.4 Transverse water proton relaxation (T₂) and relaxivity (r₂)</li><li>6.5 Concluding remarks</li><li>6.6 References</li></ul></li> <li>7: Thermal ne