Transplantation, Bioengineering, and Regeneration of the Endocrine Pancreas

Volume 1

1st Edition - November 8, 2019
Editors: Giuseppe Orlando, Lorenzo Piemonti, Camillo Ricordi, Robert J. Stratta, Rainer W.G. Gruessner
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 4 8 3 3 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 4 8 3 4 - 1

Transplantation, Bioengineering, and Regeneration of the Endocrine Pancreas, Volume 1, sets a new standard in transplant and regenerative medicine. The book details the-state… Read more

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Transplantation, Bioengineering, and Regeneration of the Endocrine Pancreas, Volume 1, sets a new standard in transplant and regenerative medicine. The book details the-state-of-the-art in modern whole pancreas and islet transplantation, including donor selection, immunosuppression, complications, allograft pathology, and more. As regenerative medicine is changing the premise of solid organ transplantation, this volume catalogs the technologies being developed and the methods being implemented to bioengineer or regenerate the endocrine pancreas in order to more effectively treat diabetes. Edited and authored by unparalleled leaders in the field, this new volume argues for a much needed synergy between organ transplantation and regenerative medicine.

PART A. WHOLE PANCREAS ALLO-TRANSPLANTATION
Section I. Introduction

1. History of Pancreas Transplantation

2. How to build a Pancreas Transplant Program

3. Pathophysiology of Diabetes

4. Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus
Section II. The Donor

5. Pancreas Donor Selection

6. Deceased Donor Pancreas Procurement

7. Surgical Techniques for Living Donor Pancreas Transplantation

8. Pancreas Preservation

9. Pancreas Graft Back-Table Surgery Technique
Section III. The Recipient

10. Pancreas Transplant Alone

11. Pancreas After Kidney Transplantation

12. Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation

13. Surgical Techniques for Deceased Donor Pancreas Transplantation

14. Robotic Pancreas Transplantation

15. Pancreas Transplantation in the setting of multivisceral transplantation

16. Imaging in pancreas transplantation

17. Post-Operative Care of the Pancreas Transplanted Patient

18. Immunosuppression for Pancreas Allo-Transplantation
Section IV. Complications after Pancreas Allo-Transplantation

19. Infectious Complications after Pancreas Allo-Transplantation
Paolo Antonio Grossi

20. Medical Complications after Pancreas Transplantation

21. Technical Complications of Pancreas Allo-Transplantation

22. Rejection After Pancreas Transplantation
Section V. Natural History

23. Reversal of Secondary Complications of Type 1 Diabetes (Nephropathy, Neuropathy, Retinopathy, and Cardiopathy)

24. Recurrence of Type 1 Diabetes following Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation

25. Pathological Evaluation of Whole Pancreas Transplants

26. Failure of the Pancreas Allograft

27. Pancreas Retransplantation
Section VI: State of the Art of Pancreas Transplantation

28. The Current State of Pancreas Transplantation in the USA – A Registry Report

29. Trends in Pancreas Transplantation in the United States

30. Experimental pancreas transplantation

31. Pancreas Transplantation: Current Issues, Unmet Needs and Future Perspectives
PART B. ISLET ALLO-TRANSPLANTATION
Section I. Introduction and Indications

32. Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Complicated by Problematic Hypoglycemia

33. Eligibility of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes for Islet Transplantation Alone

34. Islet versus Pancreas Transplantation in Nonuremic Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

35. Simultaneous Islet-Kidney (SIK) and Islet After Kidney Transplantation (IAK)

36. Pancreatic islet transplantation in cystic fibrosis: lung and islet transplantation

37. Combined Liver and Islet Transplantation in Hepatogenous Diabetes, Cluster Exenteration and Cirrhosis with Type 1 Diabetes
Section II. Donor Selection

38. Evolving approaches to organ allocation for whole pancreas versus islet transplantation

39. Living donors

40. Pancreatic Islet Isolation from Donation After Circulatory Death Pancreas
Section III. Islet Isolation

41. Factors Related to Successful Clinical Islet Isolation

42. Pancreas and Islet Preservation

43. Collagenases in Pancreatic Islet Isolation

44. Predicting the Function of Islets after Transplantation
Section IV. Outcomes after Allogenic Pancreatic Islet

45. Metabolic and Endocrine Evaluation of Islet Transplant Function

46. Procedure-Related and Medical Complications In and After Intraportal Islet Transplantation

47. Secondary Complications of Diabetes
Section V. Current Clinical Results

48. Treating diabetes with islet transplantation: lessons learnt from the Nordic network for clinical islet transplantation

49. UK's nationally funded integrated islet transplant program

50. Type 1 Diabetes transplanted with allogenic islets within the Swiss-French GRAGIL Network

51. Primary graft function and long-term outcome of islet allotransplantation: the Lille experience

52. Treating diabetes with islet transplantation: Lessons from the Milan experience

53. Treating Diabetes with Islet Transplantation: Lessons from the University of Miami

54. Treating Diabetes with Islet Cell Transplantation: Lessons from the Edmonton Experience
Section VI. Monitoring of Allogeneic Islet Grafts

55. Immune monitoring of allogenic islets

56. Markers for Βeta Cell Loss

57. In Vivo Quality Control of Human Islets in the Immunodeficient Mouse to Predict Islet Function in Man: a retrospective study in 87 clinical transplants
Section VII. Immunomodulatory Technologies Applied to Islet Transplantation

58. Progress toward islet transplantation tolerance

59. Anti-inflammatory Strategies to Enhance Islet Engraftment and Survival

60. Islet Immunoisolation by Macroencapsulation

61. Islet Immunoisolation by Microencapsulation

62. Recurrence of Type 1 Diabetes After Beta Cell Replacement
Section VIII. Cellular Therapies in Preclinical and Clinical Islet Transplantation

63. T regulatory cell therapy in preclinical and clinical pancreatic islet transplantation

64. Cellular Therapies in Preclinical Clinical Islet Transplantation: Mesenchymal Stem Cells

65. Alternative transplantation sites for islet transplantation

Giuseppe Orlando

Giuseppe Orlando, MD, PhD, Marie Curie Fellow, is an Associate Professor and a kidney and pancreas transplant surgeon scientist at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine, in Winston Salem, USA. His research aims at developing platforms for the bioengineering and regeneration of transplantable organs, and at developing therapies to enhance the innate ability of the human body to repair itself after damage. His literature output aims at bridging organ transplantation to regenerative medicine.

Affiliations and expertise

Section of Transplantation, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Lorenzo Piemonti

At the San Raffaele Scientific Institute (Milan, Italy) Lorenzo Piemonti serves as Director of Diabetes Research Institute and Director of Human Islet Transplantation Program. He also serves as Head of the Beta Cell Biology Unit (Diabetes Research Institute), Director of Human Islet Processing Facility, and coordinator of European Consortium for Islet Transplantation that has been providing Human beta Cell Products for research across state barriers in Europe since 2000. He also serves as Professor in Endocrinology at University “Vita Salute San Raffaele” of Milan and as Honorary Visiting Professor at Vrije Universiteit of Brussel. His area of expertise is mainly focused on diabetes and pancreatology. In particular he has large experience about diabetes and pancreatic cancer. He had in the past studied the role of innate immunity in islet cell biology (especially in the human model of islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes recipient) and in pancreatic cancer biology (especially the role of chemokines and chemokine receptor system in inducing leukocytes infiltration). More recently, his research interests includes beta cell replacement, immune tolerance induction strategies, dendritic cell biology, stem cells. He currently serves as section Editor of Cell Transplantation-the Regenerative Medicine Journal and of Current Diabetes Reports, as editorial board of Acta Dibetologia, as Councilor of the International Pancreas and Islet Transplantation Association (IPITA) of The Transplantation Society (TTS), as member of the National Committee for Food Safety (2018-2021, Italian Ministry of Health) and previously (2011-2017) as member of the European Pancreas and Islet Transplantation Association (EPITA) committee of European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT). Lorenzo Piemonti authored more than 200 original articles published in peer-reviewed journals surveyed in PubMed. h-index (December 2018): 43 Web of Science; 47 Scopus; 53 Google Scholar. Considering the period 2001-2018 Lorenzo Piemonti authored a total of 165 original articles published in peer-reviewed journals for an impact factor of 918.344 (mean impact factor: 5.566)

Affiliations and expertise

IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Director of Diabetes Research Institute and Director of Human Islet Transplantation Program, Milan, Italy

Camillo Ricordi

Camillo Ricordi holds the Stacy Joy Goodman Chair in Diabetes Research. He is Professor of Surgery, Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology and Director of the Diabetes Research Institute (www.diabetesresearch.org ) and the Cell Transplant Program at the University of Miami. After developing the method for human pancreatic islet isolation, he led the team that performed the first series of successful clinical islet allotransplants to reverse diabetes. He is currently serving as Chairperson of the NIH funded Clinical Islet Transplantation (CIT) Consortium, which standardized cell manufacturing protocols in North America and Europe and just completed the first multicenter FDA Phase III trial of islet transplantation in the US. He is currently Editor-in-Chief of CellR4 (www.cellr4.org) and serves as Founding Chairman of The Cure Alliance (www.thecurealliance.org) and of the Diabetes Research Institute Federation (www.diabetesresearch.org). In 2018 Ricordi was inducted into the National Academy of Inventors for contributing outstanding inventions that have made a tangible impact on quality of life, economic development, and welfare of society. That same year he was ranked as the #1 world expert in transplantation of insulin producing cells for treatment of diabetes, among over 4,000 physicians, surgeons and scientists evaluated. In 2019 Ricordi was appointed to the Supreme Council of Health (Consiglio Superiore di Sanita) by the Italian Ministry of Health. Ricordi also serves as President of the Board of ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute of Transplantation and Advanced Therapies; http://www.ismett.edu), and was appointed President of Fondazione Ri.MED (http://www.fondazionerimed.eu) by the Italian Prime Minister, for the 2013-2017 term. Ricordi was founding president of the Fondazione Cure Alliance ONLUS and of The Cure Alliance (www.thecurealliance.org) and Chairman of the Diabetes Research Institute Federation (http://www.diabetesresearch.org/Research-Collaboration), coordinating and promoting cure focused research at over 24 leading institutions worldwide, while further developing Telescience platform technologies to eliminate geographic barriers to scientific collaboration. These initiatives now allow scientists and project teams from around the world to synergize efforts and work together like if they are in the same physical space (https://www.corriere.it/cronache/19_febbraio_05/consiglio-superiore-sanita-nomine-7d42c47e-293e-11e9-950e-d545297d98ec.shtml). Dr. Ricordi has been awarded 27 patents, has >1,000 scientific publications, >40,000 citations and a 95 H-index.

Affiliations and expertise

Director Diabetes Research Institute and the Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Florida, USA

Robert J. Stratta

Robert J. Stratta, MD, is Professor and Jesse H. Meredith Chair in Transplant Surgery and Director of Transplantation at Wake Forest Baptist Health, which is currently one of the largest kidney and pancreas transplant centers in the US. He also has a cross-appointment as a Professor both in Urology and with the Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine. He accepted this appointment in October 2001 following many years as Professor of Surgery and Director of Pancreas Transplantation at the University of Nebraska Medical Center and as Professor of Surgery at the University of Tennessee, Memphis. After earning his B.S. degree at the University of Notre Dame, Dr. Stratta received his M.D. degree from the University of Chicago-Pritzker School of Medicine and trained in General Surgery at the University of Utah. He then completed a transplant clinical and research fellowship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is co-author of 6 books, 39 book chapters, 731 abstracts, 102 online commentaries, 423 oral presentations, and 439 peer-reviewed articles dealing predominantly with transplantation. He has accumulated more than $9 million in career research funding. He has been active in medical school, surgical resident, and transplant fellow education since 1988; is a member of 25 medical societies; three editorial and physician review boards each; and numerous local, regional, and national committees including United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) activities since 1988. His areas of research interest and expertise include kidney and pancreas allocation and transplantation, immunosuppressive strategies, organ donation and preservation, and expanded criteria donors. He is Past President of the Executive Board of Directors of Carolina Donor Services and was recently Councillor of UNOS Region 11 and a member of the UNOS Board of Directors. He has lectured worldwide on kidney and pancreas transplantation, has performed more than 2000 transplants in his career, is board certified in General Surgery, and has been selected as one of the Best Doctors in America since 1993, one of America's Top Surgeons since 2004, and is currently listed as one of America’s Top Doctors and the Patients’ Choice Award.

Affiliations and expertise

Wake Forest Baptist Health, Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Rainer W.G. Gruessner

Dr. Rainer W. G. Gruessner, MD, FACS, FICS, is Professor of Surgery at SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University. He formerly served as Chairmen of the Departments of Surgery at the University of Zurich, University of Arizona, and State University of New York. Dr. Gruessner is a nationally renowned surgeon and clinical innovator who has developed new surgical techniques for intestinal, pancreas, and liver transplants. He is prolific academic, a committed educator, and successful mentor to surgical and transplant faculty, residents and fellows. Dr. Gruessner’s academic accomplishments include more than 700 published manuscripts, review articles, book chapters, and published abstracts. Dr. Gruessner has been an invited speaker at over 170 institutions and meetings worldwide. He’s (co-) edited five textbooks: the standard textbooks on Transplantation of the Pancreas, Living Donor Transplantation, and Robotic Surgery and serving as senior editor of a textbook on Transplantation, Bioengineering and Regeneration of the Endocrine Pancreas and a textbook on Technological Advances in Surgery, Trauma and Critical Care. He has served as PI and co-investigator on over 20 research projects and clinical trials, supported by industry, foundations, and the NIH. Dr. Gruessner is a member of over 20 national and international professional societies, has organized many international congresses, is an editorial board member for about 10 journals and has served on many professional and societal committees. In 2019, he received the Richard C. Lillehei award from the International Pancreas and Islet Association (IPITA) for his lifetime achievements in the field of pancreas transplantation.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Former Chairman, Department of Surgery, University of Zurich, University of Arizona, and State University of New York, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA