Transplantation Antigens

List of ContributorsForewordIntroductionPart I Introduction: The Transplantation Antigens Chapter 1. Phylogeny of Transplantation Reactivity I. Introduction II. Transplantation Reactions among Invertebrates III. Transplantation Reactions among Vertebrates IV. Conclusions and Prospects References Chapter 2. Histocompatibility Genes, Transplantation Antigens, and Pregnancy I. General Introduction II. The Histocompatibility Antigens of Gametes and Embryos III. Fetal and Maternal Barriers to Graft Rejection IV. Mechanisms of Antigen Masking in the Trophoblast V. Maternal Responses to Pregnancy VI. Other Immunologie Issues in Pregnancy VII. Summary References Chapter 3. Transplantation Antigens of the Human Fetus, Trophoblast, and Spermatozoa I. Transplantation Antigens on Cells of the Human Fetus II. Transplantation Antigens on Cells from Human Trophoblast III. Transplantation Antigens on Human Spermatozoa IV. Summary and Discussion References Chapter 4. The Tissue Distribution and Cellular Location of Transplantation Antigens I. Introduction II. Tissue Distribution of Transplantation Antigens III. The Cellular Location of Transplantation Antigens IV. Surface Distribution of Alloantigens V. Conclusions References Chapter 5. Intracellular Distribution of Transplantation Antigens I. Introduction II. Conclusions References Chapter 6. Serologic Identification of Human Transplantation Antigens: The HL-A System I. Introduction II. The HL-A System III. The Serology of the HL-A System IV. Discussion of the Possibility of Loci Other than LA and Four V. Other Applications of the HL-A System References Chapter 7. The Biological Significance of Cross-Reactions between Histocompatibility Antigens and Antigens of Bacterial and/or Heterologous Mammalian Origin I. Introduction II. Induction of Allograft Sensitivity with Group A Streptococci III. Immunologic Specificity of Allograft Sensitivity States Induced by Streptococcal Cells IV. Biological Effects of Group A Streptococcal Membrane Antisera V. Cross-Reactions between Histocompatibility Antigens of Different Mammalian Species VI. Conclusions References Chapter 8. Species-Distribution and Evolutionary Development of HL-A Antigens I. Introduction II. Reactivity of Human HL-A Antisera with Primate Leukocytes III. Reactivity of Primate Alloantisera with Allogeneic Primate Leukocytes IV. Reactivity of Chimpanzee Alloantisera with Human, Gorilla, and Orangutan Leukocytes V. Reactivity of Chimpanzee Antisera to Human Leukocytes VI. Reactivity of Human Antisera to Chimpanzee Antigens VII. Cross-Reactions in Other Mammalian Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Histocompatibility Antigen Systems VIII. Discussion References Part II Extraction of Transplantation Antigens Chapter 9. Extraction of Membranous Transplantation Antigens by Pressure Homogenization I. Introduction II. Application to Mammalian Cells and Tissues III. Perspectives References Chapter 10. The Sonic Process for Soluble Antigen Preparation I. Introduction II. Conditions of Sonic Exposure for Release of Transplantation Antigens III. Transplantation Antigens Released from Different Species by Sonic Energy IV. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Sonic Method References Chapter 11. Salt Extraction of Soluble HL-A Antigens I. Introduction II. HL-A Antigens from Cultured Lymphoid Cells III. Solubilization of Cell Surface Antigens IV. KCl Extraction of HL-A Antigens V. Purification of Soluble HL-A Antigens VI. Summary References Chapter 12. Purification and Structural Studies of Alloantigen Determinants Solubilized with Papain I. Purification of Isoantigens II. Separation of Antigenic Specificities III. Chemical Nature of Specific Determinants References Chapter 13. Comparisons of HL-A Alloantigens Solubilized by Papain and TIS I. Introduction II. Solubilization of HL-A Alloantigens III. Assay of HL-A Alloantigens IV. Recovery of Soluble HL-A Alloantigens V. Purification and Properties of HL-A Alloantigens VI. Discussion VII. Summary References Chapter 14. Solubilization of Histocompatibility Antigens with Detergents I. Solubilization of Mouse Histocompatibility Antigens II. Solubilization of Rabbit Histocompatibility Antigens III. Solubilization of Human Histocompatibility Antigens IV. Summary References Part III Biological Properties of Solubilized Antigens Chapter 15. The in Vivo Immunogenicity Assay of Transplantation Antigens I. Introduction II. Parameters in Immunogenicity Systems References Chapter 16. The Induction of Allograft Immunity In Vitro I. Introduction II. The Activation of Lymphoid Cells by Immunogens III. Perspectives References Chapter 17. Wherefore the Mixed Leukocyte Reaction Note Added in Proof to Chapter 17 I. Introduction II. The MLR as a Correlate of In Vivo Homograft Reactivity III. Mechanisms of the MLR IV. Summary References Chapter 18. The Enhancement Assay for Prolongation of Graft Survival I. Introduction II. The Nature of Antigen Preparation and the Immunization Procedure III. Selection of the Tissue Graft and Donor and Host Strains IV. Quantitation of Enhancement Activity References Chapter 19. Prolongation of Graft Survival by Administration of Water-Soluble Antigens I. Introduction II. Particulate Antigen Pretreatment III. Advantages of Soluble Antigen IV. Pretreatment with Soluble Antigen V. Summary References Chapter 20. Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Assays in the Detection and Biological Characterization of Transplantation Antigens I. Analogies of DTH and Allograft Rejection II. T- and B-Cell Populations: The Immunocompetent Systems III. DTH Responses to Soluble Transplantation Antigens In Vivo IV. In Vitro DTH Systems V. Summary References Chapter 21. Serologic Detection of Soluble HL-A Antigens I. Introduction II. The Cytotoxic Test III. The Blocking Test IV. Anticomplementary Factors V. The Absorption Test VI. Conclusions References Chapter 22. The Study of Isoimmune Antibodies and Antigenic Determinants Using the 51Chromium Cytotoxic Assay I. Introduction II. Quantitation of Cytolysis III. Preparation of Target Cells IV. Complement Sources V. Methodology of Lytic Tests VI. Molecular Events VII. Inhibition of Lysis to Quantitate Isoantigenic Determinants VIII. Summary References Part IV Horizons in Antigen Research Chapter 23. Perspectives on the Role of HL-A Antigens I. Genetics of Murine H-2 Model System II. The HL-A Model III. HL-A as Transplantation Antigens IV. The Significance of HL-A Polymorphism to Survival V. Summary References Chapter 24. The Molecular Nature of HL-A Antigens I. Physical and Chemical Characteristics II. Molecular Surface Representation of Histocompatibility Antigens III. Molecular Assembly of Histocompatibility Antigens IV. Horizons References Chapter 25. Prospectus: Future Adventures in Transplantation Antigen Research Text References Author IndexSubject Index