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Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual
1st Edition - December 27, 2014
Author: E. Shashi Menon
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:9781856178303
9 7 8 - 1 - 8 5 6 1 7 - 8 3 0 - 3
eBook ISBN:9781856178310
9 7 8 - 1 - 8 5 6 1 7 - 8 3 1 - 0
Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual is a valuable time- and money-saving tool to quickly pinpoint the essential formulae, equations, and calculations needed…Read more
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Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual is a valuable time- and money-saving tool to quickly pinpoint the essential formulae, equations, and calculations needed for transmission pipeline routing and construction decisions. The manual’s three-part treatment starts with gas and petroleum data tables, followed by self-contained chapters concerning applications. Case studies at the end of each chapter provide practical experience for problem solving. Topics in this book include pressure and temperature profile of natural gas pipelines, how to size pipelines for specified flow rate and pressure limitations, and calculating the locations and HP of compressor stations and pumping stations on long distance pipelines.
Case studies are based on the author’s personal field experiences
Component to system level coverage
Save time and money designing pipe routes well
Design and verify piping systems before going to the field
Increase design accuracy and systems effectiveness
Chapter One. Introduction to Transmission Pipelines
1. Trans-Alaska Pipeline (North America)
2. Tennessee Gas Pipeline (North America)
3. Rockies Express Pipeline (North America)
4. TransCanada Pipeline (North America)
5. The Bolivia–Brazil Pipeline (South America)
6. GasAndes Pipeline (South America)
7. Balgzand Bacton Pipeline (Europe)
8. Trans-Mediterranean Natural Gas Pipeline (Europe–Africa)
9. Yamal–Europe Pipeline (Europe–Asia)
10. South Caucasus Pipeline (Asia)
11. West-East Natural Gas Pipeline Project (China–Asia)
12. The Caspian Pipeline (Russia–Asia)
Chapter Two. Standards and Codes
1. Codes, Standards, and Regulations
2. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
3. Federal and State Laws
4. ASME Council for Codes and Standards
5. API Standards and Recommended Practices
6. Manufacturers Standardization Society
7. Pipe Fabrication Institute Standards
8. American Institute of Steel Construction
9. American Concrete Institute
10. National Association of Corrosion Engineers
11. Fluid Control Institute Standards
12. Hydraulics Institute Pump Standards
Chapter Three. Physical Properties
1. Properties of Liquids and Gases
2. Units of Measurement
3. Mass, Volume, Density, and Specific Weight
4. Specific Gravity and API Gravity
5. Viscosity
6. Vapor Pressure
7. Bulk Modulus
8. Fundamental Concepts of Fluid Flow
9. Gas Properties
10. Mass
11. Volume
12. Density and Specific Weight
13. Specific Gravity
14. Viscosity
15. Ideal Gases
16. Real Gases
17. Natural Gas Mixtures
18. Pseudo Critical Properties from Gravity
19. Adjustment for Sour Gas and Nonhydrocarbon Components
20. Compressibility Factor
21. Heating Value
22. Summary
23. Problems
Chapter Four. Pipeline Stress Design
1. Allowable Operating Pressure and Hydrostatic Test Pressure
2. Barlow's Equation for Internal Pressure
3. Gas Transmission Pipeline: Class Location
4. Line Fill Volume and Batches
5. Gas Pipelines
6. Barlow's Equation
7. Thick Wall Pipes
8. Derivation of Barlow's Equation
9. Pipe Material and Grade
10. Internal Design Pressure Equation
11. Mainline Valves
12. Hydrostatic Test Pressure
13. Blowdown Calculations
14. Determining Pipe Tonnage
15. Summary
Chapter Five. Fluid Flow in Pipes
1. Liquid Pressure
2. Liquid: Velocity
3. Liquid: Reynolds Number
4. Flow Regimes
5. Friction Factor
6. Pressure Drop from Friction
7. Colebrook–White Equation
8. Hazen–Williams Equation
9. Shell-MIT Equation
10. Miller Equation
11. T.R. Aude Equation
12. Minor Losses
13. Internally Coated Pipes and Drag Reduction
14. Fluid Flow in Gas Pipelines
15. Flow Equations
16. General Flow Equation
17. Effect of Pipe Elevations
18. Average Pipe Segment Pressure
19. Velocity of Gas in a Pipeline
20. Erosional Velocity
21. Reynolds Number of Flow
22. Friction Factor
23. Colebrook–White Equation
24. Transmission Factor
25. Modified Colebrook–White Equation
26. AGA Equation
27. Weymouth Equation
28. Panhandle A Equation
29. Panhandle B Equation
30. Institute of Gas Technology Equation
31. Spitzglass Equation
32. Mueller Equation
33. Fritzsche Equation
34. Effect of Pipe Roughness
35. Comparison of Flow Equations
36. Summary
Chapter Six. Pressure Required to Transport
1. Total Pressure Drop Required to Pump a Given Volume of Fluid through a Pipeline
2. Frictional Component
3. Effect of Pipeline Elevation
4. Effect of Changing Pipe Delivery Pressure
5. Pipeline with Intermediate Injections and Deliveries
6. System Head Curves: Liquid Pipelines
7. Hydraulic Pressure Gradient: Liquid Pipeline
8. Transporting High Vapor Pressure Liquids
9. Hydraulic Pressure Gradient: Gas Pipeline
10. Pressure Regulators and Relief Valves
11. Summary
Chapter Seven. Thermal Hydraulics
1. Temperature-Dependent Flow
2. Formulas for Thermal Hydraulics: Liquid Pipelines
3. Isothermal versus Thermal Hydraulics: Gas Pipelines
4. Temperature Variation and Gas Pipeline Modeling
5. Review of Simulation Model Reports
6. Summary
7. Practice Problems
Chapter Eight. Power Required to Transport
1. Horsepower Required
2. Effect of Gravity and Viscosity
3. Gas: Horsepower
4. Summary
Chapter Nine. Pump Stations
1. Introduction
2. Liquid-Pump Stations
3. Summary
Chapter Ten. Compressor Stations
1. Introduction
2. Compressor Station Locations
3. Hydraulic Balance
4. Isothermal Compression
5. Adiabatic Compression
6. Polytropic Compression
7. Discharge Temperature of Compressed Gas
8. Compression Power Required
9. Optimum Compressor Locations
10. Compressors in Series and Parallel
11. Types of Compressors: Centrifugal and Positive Displacement
12. Compressor Performance Curves
13. Compressor Head and Gas Flow Rate
14. Compressor Station Piping Losses
15. Compressor Station Schematic
16. Summary
Chapter Eleven. Series and Parallel Piping
1. Series Piping
2. Parallel Piping
3. Locating Pipe Loop: Gas Pipelines
Chapter Twelve. Meters and Valves
1. History
2. Flow Meters
3. Venturi Meter
4. Flow Nozzle
5. Orifice Meter
6. Turbine Meter
7. Positive Displacement Meter
8. Purpose of Valves
9. Types of Valves
10. Material of Construction
11. Codes for Design and Construction
12. Gate Valve
13. Ball Valve
14. Plug Valve
15. Butterfly Valve
16. Globe Valve
17. Check Valve
18. Pressure Control Valve
19. Pressure Regulator
20. Pressure Relief Valve
21. Flow Measurement
22. Flow Meters
23. Venturi Meter
24. Flow Nozzle
25. Summary
Chapter Thirteen. Pipeline Economics
1. Economic Analysis
2. Capital Costs
3. Operating Costs
4. Feasibility Studies and Economic Pipe Size
5. Gas Pipeline
6. Capital Costs
7. Operating Costs
8. Determining Economic Pipe Size
9. Summary
10. Problems
Chapter Fourteen. Case Studies
1. Introduction
2. Case Study 1: Refined Products Pipeline (Isothermal Flow) Phoenix to Las Vegas Pipeline
3. Case Study 2: Heavy Crude Oil Pipeline 2 Miles Long without Heaters
4. Case Study 3: Heavy Crude Oil Pipeline from Joplin to Beaumont (Thermal Flow with Heaters and no Batching)
5. Case Study 4: Heavy Crude Oil Pipeline (Thermal Flow with Heaters and DRA)
6. Case Study 5: Water Pipeline from Page to Las Cruces
7. Case Study 6: Gas Pipeline with Multiple Compressor Stations from Taylor to Jenks
8. Case Study 7: Gas Pipeline Hydraulics with Injections and Deliveries
9. Case Study 8: Gas Pipeline with Two Compressor Stations and Two Pipe Branches
10. Sample Problem 9: A Pipeline with Two Compressor Stations, Two Pipe Branches, and a Pipe Loop in the Second Segment of the Pipeline to Handle an Increase in Flow
11. Sample Problem 10: San Jose to Portas Pipeline with Injection and Delivery in SI Units
Appendix
References
Index
No. of pages: 612
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: December 27, 2014
Imprint: Gulf Professional Publishing
Paperback ISBN: 9781856178303
eBook ISBN: 9781856178310
EM
E. Shashi Menon
E. Shashi Menon, Vice President of SYSTEK Technologies, Inc is a Registered Professional Engineer based in USA for the last 40 years with Bachelors and Masters degrees in Mechanical Engineering. He has extensive experience in Oil and Gas Pipeline Design and construction in USA and South America, having worked for leading US companies. He is the author of several popular technical publications on the subject. He has also coauthored over a dozen software programs in Liquid and Gas Pipeline Hydraulics used by engineers in the industry since 1992. He lives in Lake Havasu City, Arizona
Affiliations and expertise
Vice President, SYSTEK Technologies, Inc., Lake Havasu City, AZ, USA
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