Transcription and Translation in Health and Disease

1st Edition - January 30, 2023
Editors: Manoj Garg, Gautam Sethi, Amit Kumar Pandey
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 5 2 1 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 5 2 2 - 1

Transcription and Translation in Health and Disease provides a detailed overview of the regulators underlying transcription and translation in relation to a variety of human dis… Read more

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Transcription and Translation in Health and Disease provides a detailed overview of the regulators underlying transcription and translation in relation to a variety of human diseases and disorders. Beginning with an introduction into the current perspectives relating to these processes in human disease, the book expands to focus on specific mechanisms underlying conditions such as arthritis, cancer, neurological disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This book considers RNA processing and related mechanisms in eukaryotes including RNA splicing, RNA binding proteins, RNA interference, microRNAs, RNA editing, transcription factors, RNAi screening, CRISPR activation, CRISPR-Cas9 interference, and post-translational modifications.

It provides a structured and detailed overview of the various regulators underlying molecular processes and their impact on health and disease, equipping readers with the necessary knowledge for further investigation in the areas of treatment and therapeutic intervention.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Section I: Introduction
Chapter 1: Current perspective of transcriptional regulators in human health and diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Key transcriptional regulators and their critical role in regulating the transcription
Dysregulation of transcriptional regulators in diabetes
Dysregulation of transcriptional regulators in human cancers
Misregulation of transcription factors (TFs) and mediator coactivation complex
References
Section II: Transcriptional and translational regulators in cancer
Chapter 2: Role of alternative splicing in health and diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Splicing and alternative splicing
Alternative splicing in disease
References
Chapter 3: Role of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of sphingolipid genes in molecular heterogeneity of breast cancer
Abstract
Introduction to sphingolipids
Breast cancer heterogeneity
Sphingolipid gene expression in different subtypes of breast cancer
Molecular mechanisms by which sphingolipids regulate gene expression in signaling cascades
Posttranscriptional modifications
References
Chapter 4: Who dictates and when: Genetic and epigenetic dictatorships in breast cancer response and resistance to therapy
Abstract
Introduction
Breast cancer subtypes
Breast cancer treatment
Response to therapy and drug resistance
Genetic vs epigenetic dictators
References
Chapter 5: Cross-talk between NF-κB and telomerase in cancer: Implications in therapy
Abstract
Introduction
Regulation of telomerase by NF-κB in cancer
Regulation of NF-κB activity by telomerase
Implications in cancer therapy and future directions
References
Chapter 6: Genome editing and regulation of transcription and translational using CRISPR-Cas9 system
Abstract
Central dogma of molecular biology
Intervention of central dogma: Correcting errors in genetic diseases by gene editing
Gene editing by CRISPR-Cas9 system
Examples of CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing in vitro and in vivo
Nobel Prize 2020
References
Chapter 7: Regulation of posttranscriptional events by RNA-binding proteins
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Dysregulation of RBPs involved in posttranscriptional regulation
Nascent mRNA bound proteins in cancer
Cap-binding proteins in cancer
Splicing associated proteins in cancer
Poly(A) tail and alternative polyadenylation-dependent proteins in cancer
Modified base recognizing proteins in cancer
mRNPs involved in nuclear export and their role in cancer
mRNPs involved in subcellular localization and their role in cancer
mRNPs in translation and cancer
mRNP stability and cancer
Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: The language of posttranslational modifications and deciphering it from proteomics data
Abstract
Conflict of interest
Author contributions
Introduction
PTMs in cancer
PTM cross-talks are prevalent in health and disease
PTMs in drug resistance
PTMs and SNPs
Shotgun proteomics for studying proteins and their modifications
Data analysis for PTMs
Functional analysis of protein mod-forms
Conclusion
References
Section III: Transcriptional and translation regulators of other diseases
Chapter 9: Noncoding RNAs in human health and diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Noncoding RNA
Types of noncoding RNA
Role of noncoding RNAs in diseases
Role of ncRNAs in diabetes
Conclusion
Perspectives and future directions
References
Chapter 10: MiRNAs as epigenetic regulators for gut microbiome
Abstract
Introduction
MicroRNA discovery and biogenesis
Gene regulation by miRNAs
miRNAs in host immune system
Gut microbiome—As a regulator of wellness and diseases
Microbiota-miRNA interplay to influence gene expression
Epithelial cell microRNAs in gut immunity
Gut microbiome—miRNA And human diseases
Concluding comments and future viewpoints
References
Chapter 11: Crosstalk between microRNAs and epigenetics during brain development and neurological diseases
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Epigenetic changes
Neural development and miRNAs
Neural development and epigenetics
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurodegenerative diseases
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Implications of miRNA in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Structure of the human skin
Micro-RNAs and its biogenesis
miRNA and skin diseases
Emerging miRNA-based drugs
References
Chapter 13: Micro-RNA contribution to angiogenesis in cancer
Abstract
Introduction
miRNA-190
miRNA-29b
miRNA-6086
miRNA-378a-5p
miRNA-221-3p
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Emerging role of mRNA and RNA binding proteins in Diabetes
Abstract
Introduction
RNA binding proteins
RBPs at the crossroad of diabetes mellitus
Posttranscriptional modifications in diabetes
RNA-based therapeutics for diabetes
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Caenorhabditis elegans: An interesting host for aging-related studies
Abstract
Acknowledgment
An overview of the oxidative stress theory of aging
Oxidative stress and age-associated diseases
The beneficial properties of the CE-based model for in vitro studies
Natural products used in the CE model for aging-related studies
CE model used in antioxidant study
CE model in the antiaging study
Limitations of the CE-based model
Conclusion and future directions
References
Chapter 16: The role of LncRNA and micro-RNA targeting GLI transcription factors in human cancers
Abstract
Overview of GLI proteins
GLI as a nuclear executor of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway
Long noncoding RNA as a potential regulator of GLI activity
miRNA as a potential regulator of GLI activity
References
Section IV: Therapeutics
Chapter 17: Inhibitors targeting epigenetic modifications in cancer
Abstract
Conflict of interests
Introduction
Mechanism of epigenetic regulation
Epigenetic regulation in cancer
Epigenetic diagnostic biomarkers in various cancers
Epigenetic targets for cancer treatment
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Chapter 18: Modulation of epigenetic methylation enzymes by synthetic and natural agents
Abstract
Introduction
DNA methylation in cancer
Histone lysine methylation in cancer
PR domain-containing genes with zinc fingers (PRDMs)
Mixed lineage leukemia
Nuclear receptor binding Su (var)3–9, enhancer of zeste, and trithorax domain protein 1
Enhancer of Zeste 2 homolog Polycomb repressive complex
SET and MYND domain proteins
Role of histone lysine demethylases in cancer
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1
JmjC domain-containing demethylase GASC1 (JMJD2C)
Jumonji, AT-rich interactive domain demethylase Plu-1 (JARID1B)
Retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2)
Histone arginine methyltransferases
Histone lysine methylase and demethylase inhibitors in cancer
Natural products and their semisynthetic derivatives as the inhibitors of epigenetic enzymes (methylase and demethylase)
Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 19: Transcriptional regulatory network associated with multiple sclerosis pathogenesis
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: Role of adipokines in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease
Abstract
Conflict of interest
Introduction
Risk factors for coronary artery disease
Role of Adipokines in the development of CAD
Role of glucocorticoids in coronary artery disease
References
Index

Manoj Garg

Dr. Manoj Garg completed his PhD at the National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi and University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. He joined as a Research Scientist at the Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore in 2010 and extensively worked on cutting-edge technologies including next‐generation sequencing of both DNA and RNA, shRNA library screening, drug screening in different subtypes of Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Acute Lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, and liposarcoma. In 2016, Dr. Garg was awarded Ramalingaswami Fellowship and returned to India and joined as an Assistant Professor at Cancer Institute, Chennai. He received the Early Career Research Award from Science Engineering and Research Board (SERB), GOI in 2017. Dr. Garg has published his research in a range of well‐reputed scientific journals and serves as an editor for various international journal.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, India

Gautam Sethi

Dr. Gautam Sethi is a tenured Associate Professor in Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore. The focus of his research over the past few years has been to elucidate the mechanism (s) of activation of oncogenic transcription factors by carcinogens and inflammatory agents and the identification of novel inhibitors of these proteins for prevention of and therapy for cancer. The findings of his research work have so far resulted in more than three hundred and fifty scientific publications in high impact factor peer reviewed journals (with h index = 109) and several international awards. He also serves as an editorial board member for over more than 15 international journals

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Amit Kumar Pandey

Dr. Amit Kumar Pandey completed his postdoctoral training at the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore where he worked on exploring the role of miRNAs in epigenetic regulation of metastatic breast cancer, and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany where he worked on exploring the role of non-coding RNAs in metabolism. Dr. Pandey has been working in the field of non-coding RNAs for the last 12 years. He has worked extensively in molecular and cell biology, cell signaling, next generation sequencing. For the last 3 years Dr. Pandey has been working as Assistant professor and running 4 research grants from various govt. agencies as principal investigator. Dr. Pandey currently serves as editor of PLOS One and review editor of Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, India