Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques

Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques provides an overview of the development and practical applications of three-dimensional imaging techniques. This text deals with holographic and nonholographic techniques, with a focus on efficiency, speckle noise, resolution, white-light reconstruction, white-light recording, and color holography. This book is comprised of nine chapters, wherein Chapter 1 provides a brief history of information media in human society. Chapter 2 presents the history of depth perception and the principle of the Wheatstone stereoscope, and Chapter 3 examines the construction of human eyes as the most important source of depth perception. Chapter 4 focuses on the optimum design of lens-sheet pictures, whereas Chapters 5 and 6 examine the technical drawbacks that limit the versatility in three-dimensional imaging technology. The features of holographic techniques, such as holographic stereoscreens and computer-generated holograms, are discussed in Chapters 7 and 8. Finally, Chapter 9 discusses the possible classifications based on applications, including microscopy, television, X-ray imaging, movies, and acoustical imaging. This book is intended for electronic engineers, researchers, and readers who are interested in the field of three-dimensional imaging.

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

1.1 History of Information Media

1.2 Definition of Three-Dimensional Imaging

1.3 Classification of Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques

1.4 Organization of This Book

2 History of Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques

2.1 Prehistory

2.2 Stereoscopes

2.3 Parallax Barriers

2.4 Integral Photography (IP)

2.5 Lenticular-Sheet Three-Dimensional Pictures

2.6 Holography

2.7 Projection-Type Three-Dimensional Displays

2.8 Three-Dimensional Movies

2.9 Summary

References

3 Physiology and Psychology of Depth Perception

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Human Eyes

3.3 Physiological and Psychological Cues of Depth Perception

3.4 Some Recent Studies on Depth Perception

References

4 Lens-Sheet Three-Dimensional Pictures

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Recording of Lens-Sheet Three-Dimensional Pictures

4.3 Optimum Design of Lenticular-Sheet Pictures

4.4 Optimum Design of Integral Photography

4.5 Beaded-Plate Integral Photography

4.6 Future Engineering Tasks Related to Lens-Sheet Three-Dimensional Pictures

4.7 Summary

Appendix Aberration in Spherical/Cylindrical Lens Systems

References

5 Projection-Type Three-Dimensional Displays

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Principle of Projection-Type Three-Dimensional Displays

5.3 Classification of Direction-Selective Screens

5.4 Inversion between Orthoscopic and Pseudoscopic Images Using an Autocollimating Screen

5.5 Optimum Design of a Projection System

5.6 Diffuser-Backed Lenticular Screens

5.7 Triple-Mirror Screen and Curved Triple-Mirror Screen

5.8 Summary

Appendix Derivation of Reflection Matrices and Reflection-Ray Vectors of a CTM Screen

References

6 Holography

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Principle of Holography

6.3 Various Holography Techniques

6.4 Theory of Imaging in a Holographic System

6.5 Interference Fringes Formed in a Hologram

6.6 Image Reconstruction from a Volume Hologram

6.7 Efficiency of Holography

6.8 Resolution of Holography

6.9 Noise in Holography

6.10 White-Light Recording of a Hologram

6.11 White-Light Reconstruction of an Image from a Hologram

6.12 Image Holography

6.13 Color Holography

6.14 Light Sources

6.15 Hologram Recording Materials

6.16 Summary

Appendix I Analysis of a Fourier-Transform Hologram with Lens

Appendix II Analysis of the Resolution of an Image Reconstructed from a Finite Hologram

Appendix III Derivation of the Speckle-Noise Formula

References

7 Information Recorded in Three-Dimensional Images and Its Reduction

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Basic Properties of Focusing of a Light Beam in Image Space

7.3 Sampling Point Number of a Hologram

7.4 Sampling Point Number in Integral Photography

7.5 Sampling Point Number in Multiple Photography

7.6 Summary of Computations of P and M

7.7 Information Reduction in Integral Photography

7.8 Information Reduction in Holography

7.9 Summary

References

8 Miscellaneous Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Computer-Generated Holograms

8.3 Computer-Generated Integral Photograph

8.4 Binocular Stereoscopic Display of Computer Outputs

8.5 Varifocal Mirrors

8.6 Three-Dimensional X-Ray Imaging

8.7 Holographic Screen

8.8 Binocular Stereoscopic Television

8.9 Autostereoscopic Three-Dimensional Television

8.10 Other Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques

References

9 Conclusion

Index