
Thermoforming of Single and Multilayer Laminates
Plastic Films Technologies, Testing, and Applications
Description
Key Features
- First comprehensive source of information and hands-on guide for the thermoforming of multilayered laminates
- Covers applications across such sectors as automotive, packaging, home goods, and construction
- Introduces new testing methods leveraging protocols used for metals
Readership
Engineers working with plastics films or products using plastic films (OEM level to the actual part manufacturer of thermoforming) in industries such as Automotive/ transportation manufacturing, Packaging, Plastics Industry, Paint Industry; Personnel involved in testing and QA of products using plastics films, and managers; Academic Institutions
Table of Contents
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction to Thermoforming
1.1 History
1.2 Market and Applications
References
2. The Thermoforming Process
2.1 Background
2.2 Basic Principles of Thermoforming
2.3 Difference between Plastic Sheets and Laminates
2.4 Theory of Forming Process
2.5 Forming Characteristics
2.6 Machinery
References
3. Review of Characteristics of Common Plastics for Thermoforming
3.1 Impact of Main Variables
References
4. Lamination
4.1 Why Laminates?
4.2 Elements of Laminates
4.3 Typical Commercial Laminates
4.4 Hot-Roll Lamination
4.5 Extrusion Lamination
4.6 Flame Lamination
4.7 Adhesive Lamination
References
5. New Developments
5.1 Heating Technology
5.2 Trimming Technology
5.3 Thickness Reduction
5.4 Pressure Forming
5.5 Vacuum Forming
5.6 Twin-Sheet Forming
5.7 Reinforced-Sheet Forming
5.8 Multilayer Sheet Forming
5.9 Biaxial Bulge
5.10 Biaxial Strain
5.11 Bulge Test Models
References
6. Mechanics of Materials
6.1 Stress
6.2 Strain
6.3 Stress Relaxation and Creep
6.4 Creep and Stress Relaxation Models
6.5 Peeling
6.6 Delamination
References
7. Characterization
7.1 Mechanical Testing
7.2 Impact Testing
7.3 Biaxial Bulge Testing
7.4 Rheological Testing
7.5 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
7.6 Color Test
7.7 Specular Gloss Test
References
8. Matching Material Characteristics to Commercial Thermoforming
8.1 Packaging
8.2 Appliances
8.3 Bathroom
8.4 Transportation
8.5 Sports
References
9. Safety, Recycling and Environmental Issues of Thermoforming and its Products
9.1 Safety
9.2 Safety Guards
9.3 Recycling
9.4 The Economics of Recycling
9.5 Handling of Scrap
9.6 Contamination
9.7 Environmental Impact
References
10. Other Processing Approaches
10.1 Melt Extrusion
10.2 Coextrusion
10.3 Calendering
10.4 Casting
10.5 Coating
References
11. Modeling of Thermoforming: A Literature Review
11.1 Models
References
12. Troubleshooting
12.1 Thermoforming
12.2 Hot-Roll Lamination
References
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 352
- Language: English
- Copyright: © William Andrew 2013
- Published: November 7, 2013
- Imprint: William Andrew
- eBook ISBN: 9781455731862
About the Author
Syed Ali Ashter
Affiliations and Expertise
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