Thermodynamics of Non-Equilibrium Processes for Chemists with a Particular Application to Catalysis

List of Main Symbols An Introduction to the Problems under Discussion Chapter 1. Systems in Thermodynamics of Nonequilibrium Processes 1.1. Definitions 1.2. The Second Law of Thermodynamics as Applied to Open Systems 1.2.1. Entropy Changes in an Open System 1.2.2. Nonequilibrium Systems with Uniform and Time-Constant Temperature and Pressure 1.2.3. Fluxes of Thermodynamic Parameters 1.2.4. The Thermodynamic Conjugation of Processes 1.3. Fluxes and Thermodynamic Forces in Spatially Homogeneous Chemically Reactive Systems 1.3.1. The “Thermodynamic” Form of Kinetic Equations 1.3.2. The Relationship between the Stationary Rate and the Thermodynamic Forces of a Stepwise Stoichiometric Process 1.3.3. Chemical Potentials of Intermediates 1.4. The Kinetic-Thermodynamic Analysis of the Stationary Mode of Noncatalytic Stepwise Reactions 1.4.1. Independence of the Stationary Rate of the Standard Thermodynamic Parameters of the Reaction Intermediates 1.4.2. Criteria of Kinetic Irreversibility of Chemical Reactions 1.4.3. Rate-Limiting, Rate-Determining, and Rate-Controlling Steps 1.4.4. Rate-Determining Parameters of a Sequence of Monomolecular Reactions 1.4.5. Apparent Activation Energy of a Stepwise Process 1.4.6. Rate-Limiting Steps, Rate-Determining Parameters, and Apparent Activation Energy of Simple Schemes of Chemical Transformations 1.4.7. Qualitative Analysis of Some Peculiarities of Stationary States of Stepwise Processes 1.5. Thermodynamic Forces in Spatially Nonuniform Systems 1.5.1. Calculating the Thermodynamic Forces in Spatially Nonuniform Systems 1.5.2. Calculating the Thermodynamic Forces in Spatially Inhomogeneous Systems 1.6. Chapter Exercises References Chapter 2. Thermodynamics of Systems Close to Equilibrium 2.1.