Theranostics and Precision Medicine for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Volume 2

Diagnosis, Therapeutic Targets, and Molecular Mechanisms

1st Edition - April 1, 2022
Editors: Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Ramakrishna Vadde
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 8 0 7 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 3 6 5 - 4

Theranostics and Precision Medicine for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Volume Two: Diagnosis, Therapeutic Targets and Molecular Mechanisms for Hepatocellular Carci… Read more

Theranostics and Precision Medicine for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Volume 2

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Theranostics and Precision Medicine for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Volume Two: Diagnosis, Therapeutic Targets and Molecular Mechanisms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression provides comprehensive information about ongoing research and clinical data surrounding liver cancer. The book presents detailed descriptions about diagnostics and therapeutic options for easy understanding, with a focus on precision medicine approaches to improve treatment outcomes. The volume discusses topics such as computational approaches for identification of biomarkers, enzymes and pathways of HCC, circulating and epigenetic biomarkers, drug resistance, metabolic pathways, and small molecule-target therapies. In addition, it discusses immunotherapies, immune check point inhibitors and nanotechnology-based therapies.

This book is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students, hepathologists and members of biomedical research who need to understand more about liver cancer to apply in their research work or clinical setting.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
About the editors
Preface
Chapter 1. Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Conflict of interest
Funding
References
Chapter 2. Computational analysis of prognosis-related genes in liver cancer
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 3. Computational approaches to identify biomarkers, enzymes, and pathways of hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Introduction
Computational methods/approaches used for identification of biomarkers/pathways/enzymes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
Funding
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 4. Ribonucleic acid sequence analysis in deciphering hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
RNA-sequencing technologies and applications in cancer
Transcriptomics in hepatocellular carcinoma
RNAseq analysis of the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Noncoding RNAs as biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma
Conclusion and future perspectives
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 5. Hepatocarcinogenesis and the role of next-generation sequencing in liver cancer
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Mechanisms of viral hepatocellular pathogenicity
Nonviral risk factors associated with liver cancer formation
Stages of liver cancer and risk factors involved
Genetic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma using next-generation sequencing
Deep Sequencing and whole-exome sequencing in unveiling the heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma
Genome arrays in liver cancer screening
Prospects of next-generation sequencing findings leading to precision medicine/therapy
References
Chapter 6. Liver cancer: the tumor microenvironment and associated pathways
Abstract
Abbreviation
Introduction
Major risk factors for developing liver cancer
Influence of the tumor microenvironment
Molecular mechanisms
Associated pathways
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Metabolic pathway-based target therapy to hepatocellular carcinoma: a computational approach
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Pathways to cause liver cancer
Computational approach
Microarray-based therapy
Identification of key genes
Protein-protein interaction
microRNA-based therapy
miRNA inhibition
Copy number variations study
Target therapy in liver cancer
Mathematical modeling
Ensemble modeling
Machine learning model
Genome-scale metabolic modeling
Epigenetic regulation
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 8. Targeting ion channels in hepatic cancer
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Ion channels
Ion channels in cancer pathophysiology
Ion channels in liver cancer
Diagnostic and prognostic value of ion channels and their subunits in hepatic cancer
Summary and future perspectives
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 9. Tyrosine kinases: their role in hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Involvement of tyrosine kinases in liver cancer
Classification of tyrosine kinases
Small molecules as tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target receptor tyrosine kinase
Small molecules as tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target nonreceptor tyrosine kinase
Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 10. Role of transcription factors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction to transcription factors
Hepatocellular carcinoma and transcription factor
Drugs targeting hepatocellular carcinoma and their mode of action
Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 11. Modulatory act of diverse transcriptional factors in liver carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Transcriptional regulation of activator protein 1 in hepatic cell carcinoma
Regulatory act of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Implications of E2F transcription factors in human primary liver carcinoma
Zinc finger homeobox 3 in hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Inference of forkhead box M1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Influence of nuclear factor kappa-B transcription factor in hepatocellular carcinoma
Conclusions and future perspectives
Conflict of interest
References
Further reading
Chapter 12. Association of specificity protein 1 with hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
The specificity protein transcription factor
CD147 protein and specificity protein 1
Cystathionine γ-lyase
Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein 1
RING1 and YY1 binding protein
Noncoding RNA genes regulated by specificity protein 1 that promotes hepatocellular carcinoma
Conclusions and future directions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 13. Promising biomarkers for liver cancer
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Biomarkers
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 14. Molecular signaling and its role in drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinomas
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Signaling pathways and their significance in drug resistance
Cancer stem cells
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 15. Multidrug resistance, a major obstacle in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: challenges and future perspectives
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Current therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Molecular drug targets
Antiangiogenic factors
Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway inhibitor
Pathway associated with multidrug resistance
Cancer stem cells
Tumor microenvironment
Therapeutic aspects (overcoming multidrug resistance)
Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 16. Proliferative signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Significant targeting pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma
Conclusions and future perspectives
Conflict of interest
References
Further reading
Chapter 17. Targeting angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Antiangiogenic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma
Imaging investigations for angiogenesis
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
Funding
References
Chapter 18. Conventional and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Various biomarkers known for hepatocellular carcinoma
Alpha-fetoprotein and lectin-bound alpha fetoprotein 3
Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence II or des-γ-carboxy prothrombin
The GALAD model
Glypican 3
Osteopontin
Cystatin B
Golgi protein 73
Midikines
Alpha-L-fucosidase
Cytokeratin 19
Circulating tumor cells
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen
Heat shock protein
Transcribed ultraconserved region element 338
MicroRNAs
Transforming growth factor beta
Tumor-specific growth factor
Epidermal growth factor receptor
Hepatocyte growth factor
Diagnostic imaging
Ultrasound
CT scan and MRI scan
Next-generation sequencing analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Gut microbe markers
Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 19. Updates on the staging and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Staging
Treatment
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A (early stage)
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B (intermediate stage)
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (advanced stage)
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage D (terminal stage)
Prognostic factors
Summary
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 20. ROS-mediated pathways: potential role in hepatocellular carcinoma biology and therapy
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Reactive oxygen species biology
Reactive oxygen species mediates liver carcinogenesis
Reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular pathways
Reactive oxygen species in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
Funding
References
Chapter 21. Dysregulated cell-signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma: causes and therapeutic options
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Signaling factors and pathways implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma
Therapeutic options in hepatocellular carcinoma
Future prospects
Conclusion
References
Chapter 22. LKB1/STK11-mediated signal transduction in hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Liver kinase B1 as a regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Mechanism of liver kinase B1 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase as the downstream signaling mediator of liver kinase B1
Therapeutic strategies
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju

Dr. Nagaraju obtained his MSc and his PhD, both in Biotechnology, from Sri Venkateswara University in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. He received his DSc from Berhampur University in Berhampur, Odisha, India. Dr. Nagaraju’s research focuses on translational projects related to gastrointestinal malignancies. He has published over 100 research papers in highly reputed international journals and has presented more than 50 abstracts at various national and international conferences. Dr. Nagaraju is author and editor of several published books in Elsevier and Springer Nature. He serves as editorial board member of several internationally recognized academic journals. Dr. Nagaraju has received several international awards including FAACC. He also holds memberships with the Association of Scientists of Indian Origin in America (ASIOA), the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB), The Science Advisory Board, The RNA Society, The American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) and the American Association of Cancer Research (AACR).

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.

Ramakrishna Vadde

Dr Vadde Ramakrishna is Assistant Professor at the Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, India. He obtained his MSc and PhD, both in Biochemistry, from Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India, and subsequently received a DBT CREST Award to pursue advanced training in cancer research at Pennsylvania State University and Colorado State University, USA. He is currently using in vitro, in vivo and in silico models to explore the role of dietary bioactive compounds in both the development and prevention of cancer through a ‘polypharmacology’ approach. He has published over 90 research papers in prominent international journals and has presented more than 40 papers at national and international conferences. He serves as an editorial board member for several international journals, and is an Associate Fellow of Andhra Pradesh Academy of Sciences.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, India