The Transformed Cell

1st Edition - January 1, 1981
Editor: Ivan Cameron
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 6 2 9 6 - 8

The Transformed Cell deals with many of the differences that may exist between transformed cells and their normal counterparts. Topics covered range from malignancy and the cell… Read more

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The Transformed Cell deals with many of the differences that may exist between transformed cells and their normal counterparts. Topics covered range from malignancy and the cell surface to cell cycle regulation in normal and transformed cells; phenotypic expression of malignant transformation and its relationship to energy metabolism; and virus-induced transformation. The involvement of cyclic nucleotides in transformation is also discussed, together with intracellular pH and growth control in eukaryotic cells. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with a brief description of terminology and basic concepts relating to cancer cells, as well as some comments on tumorigenicity and cell transformation. The next two chapters explore the evidence for and against the possible correlation of in vivo tumorigenicity to in vitro changes in the cytoskeletal system; anchorage-dependent growth; plasminogen activator production; agglutinability by lectins; and cell surface and plasma membrane properties. The regulation of cell proliferation and the relationships between ion movement and energy metabolism in normal and transformed cells are then examined, along with the transformation of normal cells by infection with new genetic material from tumor viruses. The remaining chapters focus on selected cellular properties that have been purported to differ between the normal and transformed cell, with particular reference to cyclic nucleotides; polyamine metabolism; cell viscosity; mobility of cellular water; intracellular pH; and element concentration. This monograph will be of interest to biologists and medical practitioners devoted to understanding cancer cell biology and cancer therapy.

List of Contributors Preface 1 The Transformed Cell: Some Introductory Comments I. Elementary Background, Terms, and Concepts II. Comments on Tumorigenicity and Cell Transformation References 2 Malignant Transformation: In Vivo Methods and in Vitro Correlates I. Introduction II. In Vivo Assays of Tumorigenicity III. Cellular Morphology IV. Anchorage Dependence V. Agglutinability by Concanavalin A VI. Plasminogen Activator VII. Conclusions References 3 Malignancy and the Cell Surface I. Membrane Structure and Function: An Overview II. Membrane Changes in Malignant Cells III. Cancer Chemotherapeutic Applications of Membrane Research IV. Conclusions References 4 Cell Cycle Regulation in Normal and Transformed Cells I. Introduction II. Proliferation Kinetics in Normal and Transformed Cells III. Effect of Serum Factors on Growth of Normal and Transformed Cells IV. Intracellular Factors Involved in Regulation of Cell Growth V. Conclusion References5 Phenotypic Expression of Malignant Transformation and Its Relationship to Energy Metabolism I. Introduction II. Control of Aerobic Glycolysis by Energy Utilization III. Cell Transformation and Phenotypic Expression of Energy Metabolism IV. Summary, Conclusions, and Future Directions of Energy Metabolism of Neoplasia References 6 Virus-Induced Transformation I. Introduction II. Groups of Transforming Viruses III. Mechanisms of Initiation and Maintenance of Transformation IV. Factors in Initiation, Selection, and Tumorigenesis of Transformants V. Induction and Rescue of Viruses from Transformed and Tumor Cells VI. Cell Fusion and Cellular Regulation of Transformation and Tumorigenicity VII. The Validity and Utility of Virus Transformation Models References 7 Involvement of Cyclic Nucleotides in Transformation I. Introduction II. Low Levels of Cyclic Nucleotides in Transformed Cells III. High Levels of Cyclic Nucleotides in Transformed Cells IV. Cyclic Nucleotides and Expression of Normal Phenotype in Transformed Cells V. Cyclic Nucleotides and Growth of Transformed Cells VI. Adenylate Cyclase in Transformed Cells VII. Adenylate Cyclase in Differentiated Transformed Cells VIII. Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase in Transformed Cells IX. Cyclic Nucleotide-Binding Proteins and Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Protein Kinases in Transformed Cells X. Role of cAMP-Binding Proteins on Survival and Growth XI. Possible Relationship of cAMP-Binding Proteins with Malignancy XII. Regulation of cAMP-Binding Proteins XIII. Significance of cAMP-Binding Proteins XIV. Phosphoprotein Phosphatase in Transformed Cells XV. Conclusion References 8 Role of Polyamines in the Regulation of the Cell Cycle in Normal and Transformed Mammalian Cells I. Introduction II. Polyamines during Growth and Development III. Polyamine Synthesis in Normal and Transformed Cells IV. Polyamines and the Cell Cycle of Mammalian Cells V. Inhibitors of Polyamine Biosynthesis and Their Usefulness in Understanding the Role of Polyamines in Cell Cycle Regulation of Normal and Transformed Cells VI. Conclusions References9 Distinction of Normal, Preneoplastic, and Neoplastic Mouse Mammary Cells and Tissues by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques I. Introduction II. The "Systemic Effect" of Transformed Cells on Properties of Water in Other Tissues and Serum III. Distinction of Normal, Preneoplastic, and Neoplastic Tissues by NMR Water Properties IV. Distinction of Normal, Preneoplastic, and Neoplastic Mouse Mammary Primary Cell Cultures by Water NMR Relaxation Times References 10 Spin Label Viscosity Studies of Mammalian Cell Cytoplasm I. Introduction II. Methods III. Results and Discussion IV. Conclusions References 11 Intracellular pH and Growth Control in Eukaryotic Cells I. Introduction II. Physiology of Intracellular pH Regulation III. Extracellular pH IV. The Cell Cycle V. Intracellular pH of Tumors In Situ VI. Glycolysis VII. Sea Urchin Egg Activation VIII. Interaction of Intracellular pH with Other Pleiotropic Factors IX. Conclusions References12 Intracellular Sodium and Growth Control: A Comparison of Normal and Transformed Cells I. Introduction II. Measurements of Intracellular Elemental Concentrations by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis III. Intracellular Elemental Concentrations and Cell Division IV. The Role of Sodium in Growth Stimulation of Normal and Tumor Cells V. Conclusions References Index