The Shanidar Neandertals

1st Edition - August 28, 1983
Author: Erik Trinkaus
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 6 4 7 - 2

The Shanidar Neandertals describes the functional morphology of the Neanderthals and their place in human evolution based on a paleontological study of fossils discovered at… Read more

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The Shanidar Neandertals describes the functional morphology of the Neanderthals and their place in human evolution based on a paleontological study of fossils discovered at Shanidar Cave in northeastern Iraq. Functional interpretations are provided that describe and discuss the individual fossils. The phylogenetic implications of the Shanidar specimens are also discussed. Comprised of 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the Neanderthal remains from the Shanidar Cave and the paleontological data obtained from the fossils. The discussion then turns to the history of the excavations in Shanidar Cave and the discoveries of the Neanderthals; morphometrics of the Shanidar remains; and determination of the age and sex of the Shanidar Neanderthals. Subsequent chapters focus on various aspects of the Neanderthal fossils, including the cranial and mandibular remains; the dental remains; the axial skeleton; and the upper and lower limb remains. The immature remains are also described, along with bodily proportions and the estimation of stature. This monograph will be of interest to archaeologists, anthropologists, paleontologists, and paleopathologists.

FiguresTablesPrefaceAcknowledgments1. Introduction2. Shanidar Cave and the Discovery of the Shanidar Neandertals The Site of Shanidar Cave History of Excavations The Neandertal Partial Skeletons3. Morphometric Considerations4. Age and Sex of the Shanidar Neandertals Age Sex Summary5. The Cranial and Mandibular Remains Shanidar 1 Shanidar 2 Shanidar 4 Shanidar 5 Shanidar 6 Shanidar 8 Artificial Deformation of the Shanidar 1 and 5 Crania Summary of the Shanidar Skull Morphology6. The Dental Remains Shanidar 1 Shanidar 2 Shanidar 3 Shanidar 4 Shanidar 5 Shanidar 6 Anterior Dental Remains Posterior Dental Remains Taurodontism Summary7. The Axial Skeleton Cervical Vertebrae Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Sacrum Coccygeal Vertebra Ribs Sternum Summary8. The Upper Limb Remains Clavicles Scapulae Humeri Ulnae Radii Hand Remains Summary9. The Lower Limb Remains Innominate Bones Femora Patellae Tibiae Fibulae Foot Remains Summary10. The Immature Remains Cranial Remains Dentition Axial Skeleton Upper Limb Remains Lower Limb Remains Summary11. Bodily Proportions and the Estimation of Stature Bodily Proportions Estimation of Stature12. The Paleopathology of the Shanidar Neandertals Shanidar Shanidar Shanidar Shanidar Shanidar Shanidar Shanidar Summary13. Significant Aspects of the Shanidar Neandertals The Shanidar Sample The Shanidar Fossils as Neandertals Evolutionary Trends in the Shanidar Sample The Shanidar Neandertals as Near Eastern Fossil Hominids Phylogenetic Implications of the Shanidar Neandertals Behavioral Implications of the Shanidar Neandertals Conclusion14. Some Thoughts on the Evolution of the Neandertals Historical Background Phylogenetic Relationships Neandertal Behavior ConclusionReferencesIndex