The Retinoids

The Retinoids, Volume 1 covers the chemistry and biology of retinoids, with an emphasis on the role of retinoids in nutrition and in vision. After briefly discussing the discovery and nomenclature of retinoids, this six-chapter volume describes the chemical and physical properties of natural and synthetic retinoids, as well as the retinoidal benzoic acid derivatives. The book goes on describing various reactions with radioisotopes for the synthesis of retinoids and related compounds. Considerable chapters explain the chemical, physical, and biological methodologies for separating and measuring retinoids. A discussion on the relationships between structure and activity of retinoids is included. The last chapter addresses the role of vitamin A in animal and human nutrition. This volume also discusses the metabolism of vitamin A in normal and disease states, as well as its interaction with hormones, micronutrients, drugs, and alcohol. This volume is an ideal source for nutritionists, clinicians, and researchers who are interested in the progressing field of retinoid research.

Contributors Preface Contents of Volume 2 1 Introduction I. Historical Background II. Nomenclature III. Goal of This Treatise References 2 Chemistry and Physical Properties of Retinoids I. Introduction II. Physical Properties III. Chemical Properties: Reactions of Retinoids IV. Photochemistry of Retinoids V. Naturally Occurring Retinoids VI. Synthetic Retinoids VII. Retinoidal Benzoic Acid Derivatives References 3 Synthesis of Retinoids Labeled with Radioisotopes I. Introduction II. Preparation of Labeled Natural Retinoids and Derivatives III. Preparation of Labeled Synthetic Retinoids IV. Radiochemical Purity Determination V. Purification of Labeled Retinoids VI. Stability, Storage, and Handling of Labeled Retinoids References 4 Extraction, Separation, and Chemical Analysis of Retinoids I. Introduction II. Biological Samples III. Extraction of Retinoids IV. Reference Standards V. Separation Methods VI. Chemical Analysis References 5 Biological Methods of Analysis and Assay of Retinoids—Relationships between Structure and Activity I Introduction II In Vivo Methods III. In Vitro Methods Using Organ Culture IV. In Vitro Methods Using Cell Culture V. In Vitro Methods Using Cell-Free Systems VI. A Critique of the Various Methods for Measurement of Biological Activity of Retinoids VII. Relationships between Structure and Activity of Retinoids VIII. Conclusion References 6 Vitamin A in Animal and Human Nutrition I. Historical Perspective II. Natural Sources of Vitamin A III. Vitamin A Value of Diets IV. Determinants of the Dietary Requirements of Laboratory and Domestic Animals and Symptoms of Deficiency V. Dietary Needs of Humans VI. Metabolism of Vitamin A VII. Vitamin A Me