The Nude Mouse in Experimental and Clinical Research

List of Contributors

Preface


1 The Nude Gene and Its Effects

I. Introduction

II. History of the Nude (nu)

III. Dysgenesis of the Thymus

IV. Transplantation Studies

V. T and B Lymphocytes

VI. The Nude in Immunological Research

VII. Potential Uses of the Nude

VIII. Management and Breeding

References


2 Current Knowledge of Breeding and Mass Production of the Nude Mouse

I. Introduction

II. Housing Systems

III. Environmental Control

IV. Cages and Bedding

V. Food and Water Supply

VI. Personnel

VII. Animal Production

VIII. Quality Control

References


3 Physiological Studies on the Nude Mouse

I. Observations on Metabolic Rates

II. A Neurophysiological Study

III. Endocrine Interactions and Hypothalamic Programming

IV. Development of the Ovary in Nude Mice

V. Interferon Production in Nude Mice

References


4 Involution of the Thymus and Aging

I. Theories of Aging

II. Aging Processes in the Nude Mouse

III. Gnotobiotic Cross-Reaction Autoimmunity and Senescence

References


5 Histopathological Observations on a Nude Mouse Colony

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

V. Summary

References


6 The Nude Mouse—Background, Some Achievements, and Implications

I. Introduction

II. The Background of the Nude Mouse

III. Lymphocyte Populations in the Nude Mouse

IV. The Mode of Action of the Thymus

V. Transplantation Biology

VI. Immunological Surveillance

VII. Epilogue

References


7 The Nude Mouse in Studying T Cell Differentiation

I. T Cell Precursors in Nude Mice

II. Differentiation of T Precursors in a Grafted Thymus

III. Repopulation of Peripheral Organs

IV. Competence of Nude Bone Marrow Precursors

V. Effect of Differentiation in an Allogeneic Thymus on T Cell Recognition

VI. Conclusion

References


8 Natural Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Nude Mice

I. Introduction

II. Characteristics of Natural Cytotoxicity in Mice

III. Specificity of Natural Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity

IV. Nature of Effector Cells

V. In Vivo Relevance of Natural Cytotoxicity

References


9 Present Status of Xenotransplantation of Nonmalignant Tissue to the Nude Mouse

I. Introduction

II. Xenografts of Skin on Nude Mice

III. Xenografts of Other Tissues and Organs to Nude Mice

IV. Interpretation, Physiological Limitations, and Experimental Uses

V. Summary

References


10 Experience in Surgical Pathology with Human Tumor Growth in the Nude Mouse

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

V. Summary

References


11 Comparison of a Human Tumor Cell Line before and after Growth in the Nude Mouse

I. Definition of Study

II. Experimental System

III. Cell Morphology

IV. Ultrastructure

V. Growth In Vitro

VI. Growth In Vivo (in Nude Mice)

VII. Susceptibility to Poliovirus

VIII. Chromosome Analysis

IX. Isozyme Phenotype

X. Antibody-Dependent and Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity Test

XI. Immune Adherence Test

XII. Conclusion

References


12 The Nude Mouse as a Diagnostic Tool in Human Tumor Cell Research

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

V. Summary

References


13 The Nude Mouse as a Tissue Amplifier for Studies of Experimental and Human Pancreas Cancer

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

V. Significance

References


14 Present and Future Trends in Investigations with the Nude Mouse as a Recipient of Human Tumor Transplants

I. Historical Background

II. Chemotherapy

III. Endocrine Therapy

IV. Radiotherapy

V. Malignant Potential of Animal and Human Cells

VI. Biological Studies of Human Tumors Transplanted in Nude Mice

VII. Effects of the Host's Status on the Growth of Heterotransplanted Human Tumors

References


15 Transplantation of Heterologous Endocrine Tumor Cells in Nude Mice

I. Introduction

II. Historical Background

III. Heterotransplantation of Endocrine Tumors: Current Status

IV. Studies on Human Endocrine Tumor Lines Established in Nude Mice

V. Summary and Conclusions

References


16 Use of Nude Mice for Studies on the Tumorigenicity of Animal Cells

I. Introduction

II. Tumorigenicity of Animal Cells in Nude Mice

III. Specific Correlations between Cellular Tumorigenicity in Nude Mice and Cellular Properties In Vitro

IV. Characteristics of Tumor Growth in Nude Mice

V. Summary and Conclusions

References


17 The Growth Behavior of Virus-Transformed Cells in Nude Mice

I. A Brief History of Viral Transformation in Culture

II. The Growth Behavior of Normal and of Neoplastic Cell Cultures in Nude Mice

III. The Growth Behavior of Viral-Transformed Cells in Nude Mice

IV. The Relationship of Growth Behavior in Vitro to Tumorigenicity

V. Tumorigenicity in Nude Mice as an Indicator of Neoplastic Potential: Methodological Considerations

VI. Conclusions

References


18 Spontaneous, Viral, and Chemically Induced Tumors in the Nude Mouse

I. Introduction

II. Spontaneous Tumors

III. Induced Tumors

IV. Epilogue

References


19 Status of Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Endocrine Therapy, and Immunotherapy Studies of Human Cancer in the Nude Mouse

I. Introduction

II. Cancer Chemotherapy Studies in Other Heterotransplantation Systems

III. The Human Tumor/Nude Mouse System in Chemotherapy Studies

IV. Radiotherapy of Human Tumors in Nude Mice

V. Endocrine Therapy of Human Tumors in Nude Mice

VI. Immunotherapy of Human Cancers in Nude Mice

VII. Limitations of the Human Tumor/Nude Mouse System

References


20 Experimental Virus Infections in Nude Mice

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Rabies Virus Infection

III. Viral Infections Associated with the Wasting Syndrome of Athymic Mice

IV. Conclusions

Addendum

References


21 Experimental Infections in the Nude Mouse

I. Introduction

II. Parasitic Infections

III. Bacterial Infections

IV. Fungal Infections

V. Viral Infections

VI. Summary

References

Index