The Inner Ear

Authors; PrefacesChapter I. Clinical Anatomy 1. Nomenclature 2. Topographic Relations Within the Petrous Bone 3. The Bony Inner Ear 4. The Membranous Inner Ear 5. The Nervous Apparatus of the Inner Ear The Facial Nerve. The Cochlear Nerve. The Labyrinth Nerve and Its Peripheral Termination. The Central Labyrinthine Apparatus. 6. Blood Supply of the Inner Ear 7. The Dura Mater and the Venous Sinuses 8. Communications of the Inner Ear with the Cranial Fossa 9. Topographic Relation of the Inner Ear to the Brain Relation to the Cerebellum. Relation to the Cerebrum ReferencesChapter II. General Physiology 1. Comparative Physiology 2. Physiology of the Human Labyrinth 3. Histophysiologic Factors 4. Function of the Cristae 5. Function of the Maculae (Otolithic Organ) 6. Linear Movements 7. Function of the Saccule 8. Separation of Macula and Crista Functions 9. Influence of the Labyrinth on the Striated Musculature (Tonus) 10. Influence of the Labyrinth on the Autonomous System 11. Kinetovisual Function 12. Summary ReferencesChapter III. Applied Physiology Spontaneous Manifestations 1. Vertigo 2. Spontaneous Disturbances of Equilibrium and Coordination 3. Spontaneous Nystagmus 4. Conjugate Paresis and Conjugate Deviation 5. Convergence Spasm 6. Labyrinthine Strabismus References Induced Reactions 1. Optokinetic Reaction 2. Caloric Reaction 3. Bilateral Calorization 4. Turning Reaction 5. Mechanical Reaction (Fistula Symptom) 6. Galvanic Reaction 7. Tonic Reflexes and Reactions ReferencesChapter IV. Functional Tests Spontaneous Manifestations 1. Vertigo 2. Spontaneous Disturbances of Equilibrium and Coordination 3. Spontaneous Nystagmus 4. Conjugate Paresis and Conjugate Deviation of the Eyeballs References Induced Reactions 1. Optokinetic Tests 2. Caloric Tests 3. Bilateral Calorization 4. Turning Tests 5. Mechanical Tests (Fistula Symptom) 6. Galvanic Test 7. Tonic Reflexes and Reactions References Evaluation of Abnormal Reactions 1. Changes in Relation to Certain Stimuli 2. Changes in Certain Semicircular Canals 3. Vestibular Disharmony 4. Hyperexcitability 5. Hypo-excitability 6. Loss of Excitability 7. Qualitative Changes Differentiation of Peripheral and Central Lesions 1. Significance of Spontaneous Manifestations 2. Significance of Induced ReactionsChapter V. Primary Diseases of the Labyrinthine Capsule: Otosclerosis 1. Historical Viewpoints 2. Pathologic Anatomy 3. Etiology 4. Clinical Diagnosis 5. Treatment ReferencesChapter VI. Inflammatory Diseases of the Inner Ear Lesions of Labyrinth 1. Otitis Interna Serosa 2. Para-Otitis Interna Purulenta 3. Peri-Otitis Interna Purulenta 4. Otitis Interna Purulenta 5. Otitis Interna Purulenta Complicata 6. Otitis Interna Traumatica 7. Indications for Surgery 8. Operative Technic Inflammation of the Petrous Pyramid 1. Pathways of Infection: Pathology 2. Clinical Diagnosis 3. Treatment ReferencesChapter VII. Intracranial Labyrinthogenic Complications 1. Viewpoints and Classification 2. Extradural Lesions (Pachymeningitis Externa) Etiology and Pathologic Anatomy. Symptoms and Diagnosis. Treatment. 3. Intradural Lesions Empyema of the Endolymphatic Sac. Sinus Thrombosis. 4. Subdural Lesions Pachymeningitis Interna (Subdural Abscess). Leptomeningitis. Serous Meningitis. Purulent Meningitis. 5. Cerebellar Abscess General Considerations. Etiology. Paths of Infection. Pathologic Anatomy. Bacteriology. Symptomatology. Diagnosis. Differential Diagnosis. Operative Treatment. 6. Temporosphenoidal Abscess Symptomatology. Treatment. ReferencesChapter VIII. Chemotherapy 1. Classification and General Use of the Sulfa Drugs Sulfanilamide. Sulfapyridine. Sulfathiazole. Sulfadiazine. 2. Use of Sulfa Drugs in Otology ReferencesChapter IX. Facial Palsy 1. Anatomic and Physiologic Basis 2. Classification and Etiology Otogenic (Inflammatory) Facial Palsy. Facial Palsy in Connection with Skull Trauma. Facial Palsy Due to Operative Injuries. Facial Palsy in Connection with Tumors. Facial Palsy of Unknown Origin. 3. Clinical Signs and Symptoms 4. Treatment Causal Treatment. Conservative Treatment. Surgical Repair. ReferencesChapter X. Congenital Diseases 1. Changes of the Bony Inner Ear Systemic Diseases of the Bones. Otosclerosis. Arrested Malformations. 2. Changes of the Nerve and Sensory Apparatus Deaf-Mutism. Chronic Progressive Inner-Ear Deafness. Anomalies of the Labyrinth. ReferencesChapter XI. Neoplasms 1. Neoplasms of the Inner Ear Endothelioma (Meningeoma). Sarcoma. Carcinoma. 2. Neoplasms of the Cerebellopontile Angle Acoustic Tumors (Neurinoma). Other Angle Tumors. 3. Tumors of the Anterior and Middle Cranial Fossae: Congestive Inner Ear Conclusions ReferencesChapter XII. Vascular Lesions: Ménière's Syndrome 1. Classification 2. Pathologic Anatomy 3. Etiology Theories of Causation. 4. Symptomatology 5. Treatment Medical Therapy. Surgical Therapy. ReferencesChapter XIII. War Trauma 1. Skull Fractures Symptomatology. Treatment. 2. Concussion of the Inner Ear Symptomatology. 3. Trauma Due to Explosions Ear Symptoms Due to a Sudden Blast (Acute Trauma). Ear Symptoms Due to Repeated Short Explosions (Chronic Trauma). Ear Symptoms Due to Concussion of the Brain. Ear Symptoms Due to Concussion of the Brain and of the Inner Ear. Ear Symptoms Due to Brain Concussion and Fracture of the Skull. Ear Symptoms of Psychogenic Nature. 4. Gunshot Injuries Treatment. ReferencesChapter XIV. The Role of the Inner Ear in Aeronautics 1. Physiology of the Cochlea and Labyrinth in the Usual Environment Cochlea. Labyrinth. 2. Physiology and Pathology of the Cochlea and Labyrinth in the Unusual Environment (Air) Cochlea. Labyrinth. (Blind Flight; Combat Flight; Airsickness) 3. Functional Tests for Aviation Fitness Cochlea. Labyrinth. ReferencesChapter XV. Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Changes on the Ear 1. Effects of Increased Atmospheric Pressure 2. Effects of Decreased Atmospheric Pressure 3. Effects of Sudden Changes in Atmospheric Pressure 4. Regulations for Examination of Flyers Eustachian Tube Patency. Nose and Paranasal Sinuses. Throat. ReferencesIndex