The HDL Handbook

Chapter 1. Molecular Mechanisms of Hyperalphalipoproteinemia

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Regulation of Plasma HDL-Cholesterol Levels and Modification of HDL
• 3. Multiple Functions of HDL and Apo A-I
• 4. Functional HDL and Dysfunctional HDL
• 5. Molecular Mechanisms of HALP
• 6. Conclusion
• List of Abbreviations

Chapter 2. CETP Deficiency and Concerns in CETP Inhibitor Development

• 1. Introduction
• 2. New Findings in Function and Regulation of CETP
• 3. Coronary Artery Disease and Age-Associated Macular Degeneration Disease Risk in Association With CETP Gene
• 4. Role of CETP Activity in Adipocyte, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diet Therapy for Weight Reduction
• 5. HDL Function and Antiinflammatory Effects in CETP Deficiency and CETP Inhibitor
• 6. Small and Dense LDL, Lp(a), and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 Levels in CETP Deficiency and CETP Inhibitors
• 7. Effects on Reverse Cholesterol Transport of CETP Inhibitors
• 8. Off-Target Effects and Vascular Effects of CETP Inhibitors
• 9. New Therapy Inhibiting CETP Activity by Other Than Low Molecular Weight Compounds and Selective TG Transfer Inhibition
• 10. Conclusion

Chapter 3. Degenerated HDL and Its Clinical Implications

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Structural Alterations in HDL Components Caused by Oxidation
• 3. Functional Alterations in HDL by Oxidation
• 4. Conclusion

Chapter 4. HDL Apoprotein Mimetic Peptides as Antiinflammatory Molecules

• 1. Introduction
• 2. ApoA-I and the History of Its Derived Mimetic Peptides
• 3. Antiatherogenic Effects of ApoA-I Mimetic Peptides
• 4. The Form of Peptides Effective for Reduction of Atherosclerosis
• 5. Antiatherogenic Functions of ApoA-I Mimetic Peptides
• 6. Hybrid and ApoE Mimetics
• 7. Additional Apoprotein-Related Mimetic Peptides
• 8. Conclusions
• List of Abbreviations

Chapter 5. Reverse Cholesterol Transport in HDL Metabolism: Relevance to Atherosclerosis Progression and Cardiovascular Diseases

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Relationship Between Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux and Cardiovascular Diseases
• 3. Relationship Between CETP-Mediated CE Transfer From HDL to ApoB-Containing Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Diseases: cetp a Pro- or Antiatherogenic Factor?
• 4. Conclusion

Chapter 6. Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters A1 and G1 in Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Atherosclerosis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. The Role of Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Lipid Metabolism
• 3. Major Pathways for Cellular Cholesterol Efflux
• 4. Mechanisms for Cholesterol Efflux and Generation of Nascent HDL: Role of ABCA1
• 5. Mechanisms for Maturation of HDL Particle and Maintenance of Circulating HDL Levels: Role of ABCA1
• 6. The Role of ABCG1 in Cholesterol Efflux and HDL Metabolism
• 7. Transcriptional Regulation of ABCA1/G1
• 8. Posttranscriptional/Posttranslational Regulation of ABCA1/G1
• 9. The Role of ABCA1/G1 in Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Atherosclerosis in Animal Models
• 10. The Role of ABCA1/G1 in Atherosclerosis in Humans
• 11. Therapeutic Strategies Against Atherosclerosis Involving RCT Modification
• 12. Conclusion
• List of Abbreviations

Chapter 7. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and HDL Metabolism

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Biosynthesis and Regulation of S1P
• 3. Export of S1P
• 4. S1P and Its Receptors
• 5. Plasma S1P
• 6. S1P and ApoM
• 7. S1P and Metabolic Diseases
• 8. Conclusion

Chapter 8. Role of SR-BI in HDL Metabolism

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Role of SR-BI in Reverse Cholesterol Transfer
• 3. SR-BI—A Bidirectional Cholesterol Transporter
• 4. Role of SR-BI in HDL Uptake and Transcytosis
• 5. SR-BI Mediates Selective Cholesteryl Ester Uptake
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter 9. Paraoxonase 1 and Its Clinical Relevance

• 1. Introduction: The HDL Cholesterol Gordian Knot: Paraoxonase 1 to the Rescue?
• 2. PON1 Is a Key Antioxidant in HDL
• 3. PON1 Polymorphisms Have Little Impact on CVD, Whereas PON1 Activity Is a Predictor
• 4. PON1 Activity Is Lower in Diseases Associated With CVD
• 5. PON1 Interaction With Myeloperoxidase: A New Link Between Inflammation and Atherosclerosis?
• 6. Beyond Total PON1 Activity: PON1 in HDL Subclasses
• 7. CETP Inhibitors Prevent PON1 Activation During HDL Maturation: A Likely Explanation for Their Failure?
• 8. PON1 in ApoB-Containing Lipoproteins: A Role for PON1 in Small-Dense LDL?
• 9. Conclusion and Perspectives: PON1 in Clinical Practice?
• List of Abbreviations

Chapter 10. MicroRNA Regulation of HDL Homeostasis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. MiRNAs
• 3. MiRNAs and HDL Metabolism
• 4. MiRNAs as Potential Therapeutics
• 5. Future Challenges and Opportunities
• 6. Conclusion

Chapter 11. The Application of Proteomic Techniques in the Study of HDL Particle Characterization and Biomarker Discovery

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Proteomic Approaches to the Study of HDL
• 3. Gel-Based and Gel-Free Proteomics
• 3.1. Quantitative Proteomics
• 4. HDL Composition and Its Relation to Diseases
• 5. Conclusion

Chapter 12. Therapies Targeting HDLc Levels and HDL Function

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals
• 3. ApoA-I Small Mimetic Peptides
• 4. HDL Infusion Therapies
• 5. Future Directions in HDL-raising Therapy
• 6. Conclusions