The Computer Graphics Interface

Computer Graphics Standards Series

1st Edition - July 15, 1991

Authors: Karla Steinbrugge Chauveau, Janet S. Chin, Theodore Niles Reed

Editor: B. Shepherd

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 4 4 8 7 - 0

The Computer Graphics Interface provides a concise discussion of computer graphics interface (CGI) standards. The title is comprised of seven chapters that cover the concepts of… Read more

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The Computer Graphics Interface provides a concise discussion of computer graphics interface (CGI) standards. The title is comprised of seven chapters that cover the concepts of the CGI standard. Figures and examples are also included.

The first chapter provides a general overview of CGI; this chapter covers graphics standards, functional specifications, and syntactic interfaces. Next, the book discusses the basic concepts of CGI, such as inquiry, profiles, and registration. The third chapter covers the CGI concepts and functions, while the fourth chapter deals with the concept of graphic objects. Chapter 5 discusses segments, while Chapter 6 tackles raster devices. The last chapter covers mechanism for manipulating graphic objects through the use of input/output devices.

The text will be of great use to both novice and expert computer graphics artist, particularly those who are involved in designing user interface.

1. Overview 1.1 CGI Markets 1.2 Graphics Standards 1.2.1 Why the CGI? 1.2.2 Why Standards? 1.2.3 Standards Organizations 1.3 Relationship among Graphics Standards 1.3.1 Application-Level Standards 1.3.2 Device-Level Standards 1.4 Structure of this Book 1.5 CGI Functional Specification 1.6 CGI Syntactic Interfaces 1.6.1 Data Stream Encodings 1.6.2 Language Bindings 1.7 Conventions Used in this Book 1.7.1 General Conventions 1.7.2 Figures 1.7.3 Terminology 1.7.4 Functions 1.7.5 Description Tables and State Lists 1.7.6 Enumerated Values and CGI States 1.8 References 1.8.1 CGI-Related Books 1.8.2 Graphics Standards 1.8.3 Standards of General Interest 2. Introduction to the CGI 2.1 Reference Models 2.1.1 CGI Clients 2.1.2 CGI Targets 2.1.3 CGI Generator and Interpreter Configurations 2.2 CGI Pipeline 2.2.1 Graphic Object Pipeline 2.2.2 Raster Pipeline 2.2.3 Input Pipeline 2.3 Description Tables and State Lists 2.3.1 Description Tables 2.3.2 State Lists 2.3.3 Structure and Organization 2.4 Inquiry 2.5 Color 2.5.1 The RGB Color Model 2.5.2 Background Color 2.5.3 Foreground Color 2.6 Profiles 2.6.1 Rationale for Profiles 2.6.2 Foundation Profiles 2.6.3 Constituency Profiles 2.7 Registration 2.8 Conformance 3. Control 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Single Device Interface 3.1.2 Serial Synchronous Interface 3.1.3 Control Function Categories 3.2 Virtual Device Management 3.2.1 Device Control 3.2.2 Drawing Surface Control 3.2.3 Deferral Modes 3.2.4 Example Client Application 3.3 Numerical Precision Requirements 3.3.1 Fundamental Precision Requirements 3.3.2 Virtual Device Coordinate Precision Requirements 3.3.3 Color Precision Requirements 3.3.4 Index and Name Precision Requirements 3.3.5 Numerical Precision Requirement Function Parameters 3.4 Coordinate Space 3.4.1 VDC Space and Range 3.4.2 VDC Extent 3.5 Viewport 3.5.1 Device Viewport 3.5.2 Viewport Specification Modes 3.5.3 Effective Viewport 3.5.4 VDC-to-Device Mapping 3.5.5 Dynamic Change in Display Surface Size 3.6 Clipping 3.6.1 Object Clipping 3.6.2 Drawing Surface Clipping 3.7 Miscellaneous Control 3.7.1 Escapes 3.7.2 Message 3.7.3 State List Inquiry 3.8 Error Handling 3.8.1 Error Control 3.8.2 Error Handling Example 3.8.3 Error Queue 4. Output 4.1 General Output Concepts 4.1.1 Concept of Graphic Objects 4.1.2 Graphic Primitive Concepts 4.1.3 Attribute Concepts 4.1.4 Attribute Control Concepts 4.1.5 Output Inquiry Concepts 4.2 Output State Transitions 4.3 Line Graphic Objects 4.3.1 Line Primitives 4.3.2 Line Attributes for Appearance 4.3.3 Line Attributes for Rendering 4.3.4 General Line Attributes 4.3.5 Line Attributes for Clipping 4.3.6 Line Clipping 4.4 Marker Graphic Objects 4.4.1 Marker Primitive 4.4.2 Marker Attributes for Appearance 4.4.3 Marker Attributes for Rendering 4.4.4 General Marker Attributes 4.4.5 Marker Attributes for Clipping 4.4.6 Marker Clipping 4.4.7 Applying Transformations to Markers 4.5 Text Graphic Objects 4.5.1 Text Primitives 4.5.2 Text Attributes for Appearance 4.5.3 Text Attributes for Rendering 4.5.4 General Text Attributes 4.5.5 Text Clipping 4.5.6 Retrieving Text Extent 4.6 Filled Area Graphic Objects 4.6.1 Filled Area Primitives 4.6.2 Filled Area Attributes for Appearance 4.6.3 Filled Area Attributes for Rendering 4.6.4 General Filled Area Attributes 4.6.5 Filled Area Attributes for Clipping 4.6.6 Filled Area Clipping 4.6.7 Applying Transformations to Filled Areas 4.6.8 Interior Filling 4.7 Compound Graphic Objects 4.7.1 Compound Text 4.7.2 Closed Figures 4.8 Image Graphic Objects 4.8.1 Image Primitive 4.8.2 Image Attributes for Appearance 4.8.3 General Image Attributes 4.8.4 Image Clipping 4.8.5 Applying Transformations to Images 4.9 GDP Graphic Objects 4.10 Bundle Tables 4.10.1 Setting Bundle Table Entries 4.10.2 Deleting Bundle Table Entries 4.11 Pattern Table 4.11.1 Defining the Pattern Table 4.11.2 Deleting Pattern Table Entries 4.12 Saving Attribute Sets 4.12.1 Save Primitive Attributes 4.12.2 Restore Primitive Attributes 4.12.3 Delete Primitive Attribute Save Set 4.13 Character Sets, Coding, and Fonts 4.13.1 Character Sets 4.13.2 Character Set List 4.13.3 Character Coding Announcers 4.13.4 Font List 5. Segments 5.1 Segment Model Example 5.2 Segment Concepts 5.2.1 Relationship to the CGI Pipeline 5.2.2 Nonretained Data 5.2.3 Segment State Transitions 5.2.4 Changing Segments 5.3 Segment Functional Groups 5.3.1 Segment Creation 5.3.2 Segment Attribute Modification 5.3.3 Segment Display 5.3.4 Segment Copying 5.3.5 Segment Deletion 5.3.6 Segment Picking 5.3.7 Segment Inquiry 5.4 Creating Segments 5.4.1 Opening Segments 5.4.2 Closing Segments 5.4.3 Maximum Number of Segments 5.4.4 Segment Names 5.4.5 Complete Segments 5.4.6 Segment Overflow 5.5 Segment Attributes 5.5.1 Segment Attributes That Affect the Rendered Appearance 5.5.2 Segment Attributes That Control Pick Input 5.6 Segment Display 5.6.1 Segment Regeneration 5.6.2 Explicit Segment Display 5.6.3 Implicit Display 5.7 Copying Segments 5.7.1 Copy Segment 5.7.2 Copy Segment Path of the CGI Pipeline 5.7.3 Making Duplicate Copies of Segments 5.7.4 Displaying a Single Segment 5.7.5 Inheritance Filters 5.8 Deleting Segments 5. 8.1 Delete Segment 5.8.2 Delete All Segments 5.9 Segment Picking 5.9.1 Pick Identifier 5.9.2 Pick Simulation 5.9.3 Pick Aperture Shape6. Raster 6.1 Raster Pipeline 6.1.1 Bitmap Types 6.1.2 Bitmap Connections 6.2 Pixels 6.2.1 Pixel Shape 6.2.2 Pixel Location 6.3 Bitmaps 6.3.1 Bitmap State List 6.3.2 Displayable Bitmaps 6.3.3 Nondisplayable Bitmaps 6.3.4 Client-Created Bitmaps 6.3.5 Drawing Bitmap 6.4 Drawing Graphic Objects into Bitmaps 6.4.1 Raster Attributes 6.4.2 Graphic Object Transparency 6.5 Raster Operation Functions 6.5.1 Pixel Transparency 6.5.2 Bitblt Functions 6.5.3 Pixel Array Functions7. Input 7.1 General Input Concepts 7.1.1 Logical Input Devices 7.1.2 Operator Feedback 7.1.4 Input Inquiry 7.1.3 Input Methods 7.1.5 Response Validity 7.1.6 Interactions with Other Parts of the CGI 7.2 Input Coordinate Space 7.2.1 Relationship to the Physical Device 7.2.2 Input Coordinate Mapping 7.2.3 Mapping Defaults 7.3 Input Classes 7.3.1 Measures 7.3.2 Control 7.3.3 Input Clipping 7.4 Operator Feedback 7.5 Input Pipeline 7.6 Input Methods 7.6.1 Request 7.6.2 Echo Request 7.6.3 Sample 7.6.4 Event 7.6.5 Get Additional Data 7.6.6 Timeout 7.7 Input Device Control Functions 7.7.1 Initialize Logical Input Device 7.7.2 Release Logical Input Device 7.7.3 Echo Controls 7.7.4 Echo Data 7.7.5 Associate Triggers 7.7.6 Put Current Measure 7.7.7 Device Data 7.8 Combining Classes and Methods 7.8.1 Orthogonality of Operator Feedback and Input Methods 7.8.2 Examples of Combined Input Operations Index