Swine Feeding and Nutrition

Foreword

Preface


1 Past, Present, and Future in the Swine Industry

I. Feeding and Nutrition

II. Crossbreeding

III. Multiple Farrowing

IV. Mechanization and Housing

V. Early Weaning

VI. Size of Production Units

VII. Age of Swine Producers and Effect on Size of Production Units

VIII. Diseases and Parasites

IX. Progress in Production Efficiency

X. Progress in Carcass Quality

XI. Excess Fat in Swine

XII. Reproduction in Meat-Type Animals

XIII. Cost of Pork Production Will Decrease

XIV. Summary


2 Problems in Supplying Feed Nutrients for the Pig

I. Introduction

II. Need Well-Balanced Diets

III. Preventing Small Pig Losses

IV. What Makes a Good Diet

V. Underfeeding and Overfeeding

VI. Regularity and Changes in Feeding

VII. Nutrient Requirements of the Pig

VIII. Summary

References


3 Mineral Requirements of the Pig

I. Relation of Soil Minerals to Swine Feeds

II. Increased Production and Confined Conditions Increase Mineral Needs

III. Vital Functions of Minerals and Effects of Deficiency

IV. The Mineral Content of the Animal Body

V. Essential Mineral Elements and Those Apt to Be Deficient

VI. Calcium and Phosphorus

VII. Salt

VIII. Mineral Salts Vary in Mineral Elements

IX. Iodine

X. Iron and Copper

XI. Cobalt

XII. Manganese

XIII. Zinc

XIV. Magnesium

XV. Potassium

XVI. Sulfur

XVII. Molybdenum

XVIII. Selenium

XIX. Fluorine

XX. Other Minerals

References


4 Vitamin Requirements of the Pig

I. Introduction

II. List of Vitamins

III. What Is Known and Not Known

IV. Borderline Deficiency May Exist

V. Single Vitamin Deficiencies Rarely Found

VI. Natural versus Purified Diets

VII. Vitamin Needs Becoming More Critical

VIII. Supplementing Diets with Vitamins

IX. Unidentified Factors

X. Pasture Will Decrease Vitamin Needs

XI. Thiamin

XII. Riboflavin

XIII. Niacin

XIV. Pantothenic Acid

XV. Vitamin B6

XVI. Choline

XVII. Biotin

XVIII. myo-Inositol

XIX. p-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA)

XX. Folacin

XXI. Vitamin B12

XXII. Vitamin C

XXIII. Vitamin A

XXIV. Vitamin D

XXV. Vitamin ?

XXVI. Vitamin ?

References


5 Protein Requirements of the Pig

I. Introduction

II. Essential Amino Acids

III. Quality of Protein

IV. Time Factor in Protein Feeding

V. Excess Protein

VI. Amino Acid Requirements of the Pig

VII. Effect of Amino Acid Deficiencies

VIII. Urea as Protein Substitute

IX. Balance of Amino Acids

X. Protein Requirements of the Pig

XI. Energy-Protein Ratio Relationships

XII. Protein Level and Reproduction

XIII. Effect of Processing on Amino Acids

XIV. Protein Level and Carcass Composition

XV. Free-Choice Protein Feeding

XVI. General Information

References


6 Carbohydrates and Fiber

I. Introduction

II. Carbohydrate Use by the Pig

II?. Fiber Utilization by the Pig

IV. Fiber Levels for Growing-Finishing Pigs

V. Fiber Levels for Sows

References


7 Fatty Acids, Fat, and Energy

I. Need for Fat and Fatty Acids

II. Adding Fat to Diet

III. Decreasing Excess Fat in Carcass

IV. Do Not Sacrifice Carcass Quality and Reproduction

V. Unsaturated Fat in Pork

VI. Limiting Energy Intake

VII. Energy Values of Feeds

References


8 Water

I. Introduction

II. Water Requirements

II?. Tolerance Level of Mineral Salts in Water

IV. Nitrates and Nitrites in Water

V. Effect of Temperature on Water Needs

VI. Effect of Source of Water

VII. Use of Wet Feed

References


9 Antibiotics and Other Antimicrobial Compounds

I. Introduction to Antibiotics

II. Rationale for Continued Antibiotic Use

III. Value of Antibiotic Usage

IV. Antibiotics Continue to Benefit Swine

V. Recommendations on Antibiotic Use

VI. Introduction to Other Antimicrobial Compounds

VII. Arsenicals

VIII. Nitrofurans

IX. Sulfonamides

X. Copper as an Antimicrobial

References


10 Enzymes for Swine

I. Introduction

II. Enzyme Limitations Shortly after Birth

III. Carbohydrate Utilization

IV. Fat Utilization

V. Protein Utilization

VI. Enzyme Supplementation of Diets

References


11 Relative Value of Feeds

I. Introduction

II. Deficiencies in Grains or Energy Feeds

III. Relative Value of Grain Feeds

IV. Selecting Protein Supplements

V. Relative Value of Protein Supplements

VI. Other Feeds

References


12 Feeding the Baby Pig

I. Introduction

II. Sow's Diet Affects Pig's Growth

III. Early Weaning of Pigs

IV. How Early Should Pigs Be Weaned?

V. Advantages and Disadvantages of Early Weaning

VI. Prestarter Feeds

VII. Starter Diets

VIII. Increasing Starter Diet Palatability

IX. Levels of Nutrient Supplementation to Use

References


13 Feeding the Growing-Finishing Pig

I. Introduction

II. Grower Diets

III. Feeding Pigs from 75 Pounds to Market Weight

IV. Diets for Pigs from 75 to 125 Pounds

V. Diets for Pigs from 125 Pounds to Market Weight

VI. Feeding Herd Replacement Animals during Growth

References


14 Feeding the Breeding Herd

I. Introduction

II. Feeding Prospective Breeding Animals

III. Level of Feed during Breeding Period

IV. Level of Feed during Gestation

V. Gain during Gestation

VI. Feeding before and after Farrowing

VII. Feeding during Lactation

VIII. Method of Feeding

IX. Diets to Use during Gestation

X. Diets to Use during Lactation

XI. Feeding Value of Silage for Sows

XII. Problems in Feeding Sows in Confinement

References

Appendix Swine Management Recommendations

I. Sow and Litter

II. Growing-Finishing Swine

III. Growing and Finishing in Controlled Environment

IV. Swine Breeding and Gestation

Index