Sustainable Construction Materials

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

1.3 OUTLINE OF Review

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Identifying and Sourcing of Published Global Literature

2.2.1 Rate of Publication

2.2.2 Key Researchers

2.2.3 Global Status of Publications

2.2.4 Institutions Involved

2.2.5 Type of Published Literature

2.3 Initial Appraisal and Sorting

2.4 Analysis and Evaluation

3. MSW, INCINERATION, PROCESSING and MIBA MANAGEMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

3.2.1 Legislation, Policies and Practices

3.2.2 Economic Analysis

3.2.3 Composition

3.3 INCINERATION

3.3.1 Incinerator Process

3.3.2 Management of Incineration Facilities

3.4 PROCESSING

3.4.1 Introduction

3.4.2 MIBA Treatments

3.5 MIBA MANAGEMENT

3.5.1 Legislation, Standards and Practices

3.5.2 LCAs, Economics and Marketing Aspects

3.5.3 Landfilling

3.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS

4. MIBA CHARACTERISTICS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISITCS

4.2.1 Fineness and Particle Size Distribution

4.2.2 Density

4.2.3 Morphology

4.2.4 Absorption

4.3 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

4.3.1 Oxide Composition

4.3.2 Loss on Ignition (LOI)

4.3.2 Mineralogy

4.3.3 Trace Elements

4.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS

5. USE OF MIBA IN CEMENT AND AS LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 USE IN CEMENT

5.2.1 As Raw Feed for Cement Clinker

5.2.2 As Cement Component

5.3 USE IN LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE

5.3.1 MIBA Lightweight Aggregate Production Process

5.3.2 Properties of Synthetic MIBA Lightweight Aggregates

5.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS

6. USE OF MIBA IN MORTARS AND CONCRETE

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 USE IN MORTAR

6.2.1 MIBA as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Mortar

6.2.2 MIBA as Cement Replacement

6.2.3 MIBA in Clinker Free Mortar

6.2.4 MIBA in Controlled Low Strength (CLSM) Mortars

6.3 USE IN CONCRETE

6.3.1MIBA as Aggregate in Concrete

6.3.2 MIBA as a Cement Component in Concrete

6.3.3 MIBA in Special Concretes

6.3.4 MIBA in Concrete Masonry Blocks

6.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS

7. USE OF MIBA IN GEOTECHNICAL ANDROAD PAVEMENT APPLICATIONS

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 MIBA AS UNBOUND MATERIAL

7.2.1 Grading of MIBA

7.2.2 Soil Classification

7.2.3 Organic Content

7.2.4 Compactability

7.2.5 Bearing Capacity

7.2.6 Permeability

7.2.7 Shear Strength

7.2.8 Elastic Modulus

7.2.9 Abrasion Resistance

7.2.10 Soundness

7.2.11 Freeze Thaw Resistance

7.2.12 Field Testing

7.2.13 Environmental Assessment

7.3 MIBA AS HYDRAULICALLY BOUND MATERIAL

7.3.1 Particle Size Distribution

7.3.2 Moisture Content and Dry Density

7.3.3 Compressive Strength

7.3.4 Tensile Strength

7.3.5 Deformation Properties

7.3.6 Expansion

7.3.7 Permeability

7.4 MIBA AS BITUMINOUS BOUND MATERIAL

7.4.1 Marshall Mix Design

7.4.2 Susceptibility to Moisture

7.4.3 Susceptibility to Rutting

7.4.4 Skid Resistance

7.4.5 Deformation

7.4.6 Cracking

7.4.7 Additional Literature

7.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS

8. FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF MIBA

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 CERAMICS

8.2.1 General Ceramics and the Sintering Process

8.2.2 Glass and Glass Ceramics

8.2.3 Tiles

8.2.4 Bricks

8.3 AGRICULTURE

8.4 ABSORBENT MATERIALS AND ZEOLITE PRODUCTION

8.5 GEOPOLYMERS

8.6 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

8.7 INSULATION

8.8 SOIL STABILIZATION

8.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS

9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 AGGREGATE

9.3 CEMENT

9.4 MORTAR/CONCRETE

9.5 ROAD PAVEMENTS

9.6 CERAMICS

9.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS

10. CASE STUDIES

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 MANAGEMENT

10.2.1 South Norfolk Case Study

10.2.2 Stockholm, Sweden LCA of MIBA Management Options

10.3 INCINERATION

10.3.1 Taranto, Italy: Health Risk Assessment of Incinerator Emissions

10.4 PROCESSING

10.4.1 Amsterdam, Netherlands: Pilot wet process on MIBA washing

10.4.2 North-East of Italy: Optimizing MIBA Weathering Before Disposal

10.5 CEMENT

10.5.1 Tacoma, Washington, USA: Combined Ash Used in Cement Manufacture

10.5.2 Charleston, SC, USA: Combined Ash in Cement Manufacture

10.6 AGGREGATE

10.6.1 Connecticut, USA: Lightweight Aggregate MIBA

10.6.2 Islip, NY, USA: Rolite Aggregate Produced from MIBA

10.7 MORTAR

10.7.1 Beaulieu, France: Stabilized MIBA Mortars as Fill in Mines

10.8 CONCRETE

10.8.1 Edmonton, UK: MIBA Construction Blocks from Ballast Phoenix

10.8.2 Conscience Bay, Long Island, USA: MIBA Blocks in Artificial Reef

10.8.3 Montgomery County, Ohio, USA: MIBA Blocks in Non-Load Bearing Walls

10.8.4 Keilehaven, The Netherlands: MIBA Concrete Paving Blocks

10.8.5 Dundee, UK: MIBA in Ready Mixed Concrete

10.8.6 Dundee, UK: MIBA in Precast Concrete

10.9 ROAD PAVEMENTS

10.9.1 Umea, Sweden: Full Scale Test Road with MIBA at Davamyran Landfill

10.9.2 Malmo, Sweden: MIBA as Sub-Base Material

10.9.3 Herouville, France: Leachate Evolution of MIBA used in Test Road

10.9.4 Dundee, UK: Full Scale Demonstrations on MIBA in Road Pavements

10.9.5 Houston, Texas: FHWA Project with MIBA as Base Course Material

10.9.6 Shelton, Connecticut, USA: MIBA used as Structural Fill and Aggregate

10.9.7 Laconia, NH, USA: MIBA as Aggregate in Asphalt Binder Course

10.10 GEOTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS

10.10.1 Rotterdam, The Netherlands: MIBA as Fill Material for Wind Barrier

10.10.2 Rotterdam, The Netherlands: MIBA as Fill Material for Highway A-15

10.11 Landfill

10.11.1 Buch AG, Switzerland: Leaching at MIBA Monofill at Landfill Lostorf

10.11.2 Oahu, Hawaii, USA: CA as Cover Material at Waipahu Landfill

10.12 CONCLUSIONS

11. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

11.1 INTRODUCTION

11.2 MANAGEMENTAND INCINERATION

11.3 MIBA AS RAW FEED IN CEMENT CLINKER

11.4 MIBA IN LIGHTWEIGHT/SYNTHETHIC AGGREGATE

11.5 MIBA IN CEMENT, MORTARS AND CONCRETE

11.6 MIBA IN ROAD PAVEMENTS

11.7 FURTHER APPLICATIONS

11.8 RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES