Survey Sampling and Measurement

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I General Issues


1 Some Design Issues in Sample Surveys


1. Introduction


2. Background


3. Total Survey Design


4. Total Survey Error Models


5. Some Examples


6. A Sample Survey Design Information System


7. Conclusion

References


2 On the Future of Survey Sampling


1. Introduction


2. NE—Needed and Expected


3. NW—Needed but Waiting


4. SE—Superfluous and Expected


5. SW—Superfluous and Waiting

Part II Specific Methodological Problems


3 Variance Estimates for Complex Statistics from Multistage Sample Surveys


1. Introduction


2. Notation


3. Application of Central-Limit Theorem


4. Taylorized Deviation


5. Independent Replications


6. Pseudoreplications


7. Jackknife


8. Computations


9. Other Issues


10. Comparison of Techniques


11. Further Research

References


4 Estimation of Nonsampling Variance Components in Sample Surveys


1. Introduction


2. Assumptions Made


3. Model Formulation


4. Complete Specification of Survey Design


5. Conditional Estimation of Variance Components


6. Linear Estimates of Target Parameters and Their Variances


7. Summary

References


5 Some Statistical Problems Associated with Continuing Cross-Sectional Surveys


1. Introduction


2. Problems Associated with Sampling Frames Arising from Changes over Time


3. Problems in Sample Design and Estimation


4. Measurement Problems in Continuing Surveys


5. Problems in Data Collection Techniques


6. Some Sampling Problems Associated with the Analysis of Time Series


7. Concluding Comments

References


6 A Survey of Surveys: Some Sampling Frame Problems


1. Introduction


2. Background


3. Sample Frame Problems


4. Problems Requiring Further Attention


5. Conclusions

References

Part III Problems in the Analysis of Survey Data


7 Victimization and the National Crime Survey: Problems of Design and Analysis


1. Introduction


2. Recording Crime


3. Design of the NCS


4. Published Analyses of the NCS Data


5. Modeling Victimization


6. Discussion

References


8 Some Problems of Inference from Economic Survey Data


1. Introduction


2. Pooling of Survey and Aggregate Time Series Data


3. Estimation of Disequilibrium Models from Survey Data


4. Simultaneous Equation Models Based on Sample Survey Data

References


9 The Role of Covariance Matrix Estimation in the Analysis of Complex Sample Survey Data


1. Introduction


2. A Framework for Survey Analysis


3. Examples

References

Part IV Nonresponse, Undercoverage, and Related Problems


10 A Two-Phase Sample Design for Estimating the Finite Population Mean When There is Nonresponse


1. Introduction


2. Sample Design and Analysis


3. Optimal Sample Design


4. Nonresponse Problem

References


11 Adjustment for Nonresponse in Surveys


1. Introduction


2. Methods of Compensation for Nonresponse


3. Formulation of the Nonresponse Bias


4. An Alternative Approach to the Nonresponse Problem


5. Some Empirical Results

References


12 A Comparison of Some Adjustment and Weighting Procedures for Survey Data


1. Introduction


2. Adjustment Procedures for Selected Demographic Surveys


3. A Comparison of Variances for Two Imputation Procedures for Item Nonresponse


4. A Research Project to Permit Comparison of Alternative Procedures for Adjusting Data


5. Conclusion

References

Part V Time Series Analysis


13 Principles and Problems in the Analysis of Repeated Surveys


1. Introduction


2. Some Examples


3. The Traditional Sampling Approach


4. The Time Series Approach


5. Examples Using the Time Series Approach

References


14 Estimation of Changing Seasonal Variations in Economic Time Series


1. Introduction


2. Seasonal Models


3. Basic Assumptions of the X-11-ARIMA Method of Seasonal Adjustment


4. Conclusions

References

Part VI Applications of Survey Data and Methods


15 Use of Sample Surveys in National Planning in Developing Countries


1. Introduction


2. Types and Sources of Data


3. Data Requirements


4. Strategy for Data Planning


5. Role of Sampling


6. Quality of Survey Data


7. Problems of Use of Survey Data


8. Concluding Remarks

References


16 Models and Multidimensional Sampling with Applications in Geological Surveys

Part VII The Gap between Theory and Practice


17 Relevance of Randomization in Data Analysis


1. Introduction


2. Likelihood


3. A Survey Sampling Model


4. Why Randomize?


5. Randomization Analysis of Data


6. Randomization and Information


7. Information in Data


8. A Critical Review

References


18 An Empirical Study of Prediction Theory in Finite Population Sampling: Simple Random Sampling and the Ratio Estimator


1. Introduction


2. Background


3. The Study Populations


4. Results


5. Discussion

Appendix. Computing Considerations

References


19 Comments on Papers by Basu and Royall and Cumberland


20 Comments on Papers by Basu and Royall and Cumberland


1. Summary


2. Use of Superpopulations in Probability Sampling Design and Analysis


3. Prediction Theory


4. Specific Comments on the Paper by Royall and Cumberland


5. Specific Comments on the Paper by Basu

References


21 Comments on Papers by Basu and Royall and Cumberland


1. Some Remarks on the Paper by Royall and Cumberland


2. Some Remarks on the Paper by Basu

References


22 Reply to Godambe, Madow, and Rao


23 Reply to Godambe, Madow, and Rao


24 Estimation and Inferences from Sample Surveys: Some Comments on Recent Developments


1. Introduction


2. A Probability Sampling Model


3. Criticisms of the Probability Sampling Model in Recent Research: Comments on the Criticisms


4. Some Summary Remarks

References

Index