Survey of Biological Progress

Volume 2

1st Edition - January 1, 1952
Editors: George S. Avery, E. C. Auchter, G. W. Beadle
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 2 5 0 4 - 3

Survey of Biological Progress, Volume II is an eight-chapter text that covers the advances in some biological subjects, including human genetics, plant morphogenesis,… Read more

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Survey of Biological Progress, Volume II is an eight-chapter text that covers the advances in some biological subjects, including human genetics, plant morphogenesis, histochemistry, and plant reproduction. The opening chapter examines the kinetics of the effect of radiation on living systems. The succeeding chapters explore the developments in the field of human genetics and oceanography. These topics are followed by discussions on the regularity and the specific patterns exhibited in plant morphogenesis; the practical application of plant hormones in horticulture and agriculture; and the technical problems in histochemical studies. A chapter evaluates theoretical and experimental evidence on the fine structure of protoplasm. The final chapter looks into the environmental factors and physiological changes that can be associated with the production of sex structures of all kinds of plants. This book is of great value to biologists, geneticists, researchers, and biology teachers and students.

Effects of Radiations on Biological Systems

I. Introduction

II. Types of Radiation

III. Radiation Dosage Units

IV. Radiation Energy Transfer Mechanisms

V. The Distribution of Energy

VI. The Target Theory

VII. The Relation between Chemical and Biological Effects of Radiation

VIII. The Effect of Radiations on Microorganisms

IX. Cytological Effects

X. Genetic Effects

XI. Carcinogenesis

XII. Physiological Effects 36

XIII. Embryological and Developmental Effects

XIV. Factors Determining Radiation Sensitivity

References

Progress in Human Genetics

Introduction

I. Cytology

II. New Hereditary Traits, Rare and Frequent

III. Linkage, Partial Sex Linkage, Number of Loci

IV. Mutation Rates, Effect of Radiation on Human Genes

V. Pleiotropism, Syndromes, Phenocopies

VI. Blood Antigens, Multiple Alleles, Medico-Legal Aspects

VII. Mother-Fetus Interactions, Antigenic Incompatibility

VIII. Population Genetics, Consanguinity, Size of the Mating System

IX. Eugenic Aspects. Controversy about Declining Intelligence

References

Biological Oceanography

I. Introduction

II. Geographical Zonation

III. Some Principles and Methods of Biological Oceanography

IV. Ecological Analysis

V. Fluctuations in Océanographie Properties

References

Morphogenesis in Plants

I. The Problems

II. Polarity as a First Step in Differentiation

III. No Differentiation without Polarity

IV. The Importance of Unequal Divisions for the Formation of Tissues and Organs

V. The Mutual Incompatibility of Regions of Vigorous Protoplasmic Growth as a Principle of Differentiation

VI. The Causes of the Principle of the Mutual Incompatibility of Regions of Vigorous Protoplasmic Growth

VII. The Stability of Determination

VIII. Homoeogenetic Induction

IX. Multiplicity of Differentiations

X. Regulators and Determiners

XI. External Factors

XII. The Light Factor in Morphogenesis

References

The Control of Plant Growth by the Use of Special Chemicals, with Particular Emphasis on Plant Hormones

I. Introduction

II. Control of Vegetative Plant Growth

III. Control of Reproductive Plant Structures

IV. Effect on Animals and Humans

V. Chemical and Physiological Aspects of Growth Control

VI. Action and Fate of Hormones in the Soil

VII. Plant Viruses and Plant Hormones

References

Histochemistry

I. Introduction

II. The Methods of Histochemistry

III. Histochemistry as an Adjunct of Cell Physiology

References

The Fine Structure of Protoplasm

I. Introduction

II. Current Theories of the Fine Structure of Protoplasm

III. The Present Results of Investigations of the Fine Structure

IV. Repeating Patterns of Structure

References

Physiology of Reproduction in Plants

I. Introduction

II. Physiology of Reproduction among the Fungi

III. Sex Hormones in the Fungi

IV. Physiology of Reproduction among the Algae

V. Physiology of Reproduction in Bryophyta and Pterodophyta

VI. Physiology of Reproduction in Seed Plants

VII. Nutritional vs. Hormonal Hypotheses Concerning Flower Initiation

VIII. Physiological Changes Accompanying Floral Initiation

IX. Fertilization and Fruit Development

X. Conclusion

References

Author Index

Subject Index