Surface Chemistry

Preface I. Liquid-Gas Surface Tension Measurement of Surface Tension A. The Radii of Curvature B. Sessile Drops and Bubbles C. Capillary Pull D. Hanging Drops and Fibers E. Capillary Rise F. Liquid Jets G. Floating Sheet H. Drop Weight I. Oscillating Drops J. Ripples K. Rupture of the Surface. "Tensiometer" L. Maximum Bubble Pressure Rate of Capillary Rise Capillary Attraction Drop Size. Spraying Bubble Size Bubbling Pressure and Pore Size Surface Tension Values Surface Tension and Temperature. Surface Tension and Other Properties Surface Tension and Chemical Composition Thermodynamics of Surface Tension. Surface Tension and Vapor Pressure Electric, Magnetic, and Light Effects on Surface Tension Surface Tension of Solutions Surface Tension of Ternary Mixtures Unimolecular Films or Monolayers Retardation of Evaporation by Unimolecular Films Surface Viscosity Drops Floating Above a Surface Movements in a Liquid Surface Gibbs Adsorption Equation. Chemical Equilibrium at Interfaces The Structure of Surfaces Foam Films and Foam Bubbles Foam, Froth, Lather Utilization of Foam Foam Prevention Liquid Aerosols, Mist, Fog Utilization of Mists Dissipation of Fogs ReferencesII. Liquid-Liquid Interfacial Tension Values of Interfacial Tension Interfacial Tension in Multicomponent Systems Liquid Lenses and Spreading of Liquids over Liquids Films at Interfaces Emulsions Preparation of Emulsions Stability of Emulsions Inversion of Emulsions Utilization of Emulsions Breaking of Emulsions ReferencesIII. Solid-Gas Surface Energy of Solids Surface Cleanness Surface Roughness Methods for Determining Surface Roughness Data on Surface Roughness Heterogeneity and Anisotropy of Solid Surfaces Adsorption of Gases and Vapors The Adsorption Isotherm The Adsorption Isobar The Adsorption Isostere Adsorption Hysteresis The Heat of Adsorption The Nature of the Adsorbent The Surface Area of the Adsorbent A. Geometrical Determination B. Permeability Method C. Heat Conductance Method D. Gas Adsorption Method E. Heat of Wetting Method Adsorption of Gas Mixtures The Rate of Adsorption Migration in the Adsorption Layer A. Rate of Crystal Growth B. Diffusion Through a Porous Adsorbent C. Radioactive Tracers D. Electron Emission Utilization of the Adsorption of Gases and Vapors Corrosion by Gases Dust and Smoke Determination of Particle Size A. Sieving B. Air Permeability C. Separation and Measurement of Single Particles D. Electrostatic Determination Utilization and Precipitation of Dust and Smoke References IV. Solid-Liquid Interfacial Energy Stagnant Layers at Solid-Liquid Interfaces Heat Transfer Heterogeneity and Anisotropy of Solid Surfaces Surface Roughness of Electrodes Thin Metal Films Condensed from Vapor Adsorption of Liquids. Heat of Wetting Adsorption from Solutions The Isotherm of Apparent Adsorption The Temperature Coefficient of Adsorption The Nature of the Adsorbent The Rate of Adsorption Adsorption on Crystal Faces The Absolute Magnitude of Adsorption. The Surface Area of Adsorbent A. Adsorption Method B. Radioactive Exchange Method C. Other Methods The Importance of Adsorption Utilization of Adsorption for Removing Unwanted Constituents Utilization of Adsorption for Recovering Valuable Constituents Corrosion by Liquids Suspensions ReferencesV. Solid-Liquid-Gas. Solid-Liquid-Liquid The Contact Angle A. Direct Measurement B. Computation from the Drop Size C. Level Surface Method Reproducibility of Contact Angle Values The Hysteresis of the Contact Angle Contact Angles and Surface Roughness Numerical Values for Contact Angles Contact Angles in Solid-Liquid-Liquid Systems Imbibition and Wetting 3 Importance and Utilization of Wetting Solid Particles in Liquid Surfaces Comminution and Surface Energy Adhesion Friction and Lubrication References VI. Electric Surface Phenomena Static Electricity Conductance of Solid-Gas Interfaces Prevention of Static Electricity Balloelectricity Electrokinetic Phenomena Electrokinetic Measurements The Theory of Electrokinetic Phenomena Surface Conductance. Electroviscous Effect Effect of the Composition of the Liquid Phase on Electrokinetic Phenomena Effect of the Solid on Electrokinetic Phenomena The Electric Double Layer Mutual Repulsion of Electric Double Layers Utilization of Electrokinetic Phenomena Electrodialysis Electrocapillarity The Capacity of the Double Layer Secondary Electrocapillary Effects References Author Index Subject Index