Surface Acoustic Wave Devices and Their Signal Processing Applications

Preface


1 Introduction


1.1 Historical Background


1.2 Merits of SAW Devices


1.3 Outline of SAW Device Applications


1.4 Aims of This Text


1.5 References


2 Basics of Acoustic Waves and Piezoelectricity


2.1 Introduction


2.2 Surface Acoustic Waves


2.3 Effect of Acoustic Bulk Waves on SAW Filter Performance


2.4 Summary


2.5 References


3 Principles of Linear Phase SAW Filter Design


3.1 Linear Phase Filters


3.2 Deviations from Ideal Phase Response in SAW Filters


3.3 Simple Modeling of an Ideal Linear Phase SAW Filter


3.4 Fourier Transforms and IDT Finger Apodization


3.5 Use of Window Functions for Improved Bandpass Response


3.6 Overall SAW Filter Response


3.7 Summary


3.8 References


4 Equivalent Circuit Models for a SAW Filter


4.1 Introduction


4.2 The Delta Function Model


4.3 SAW Power Flow in Bidirectional IDTs


4.4 The Crossed-Field Model


4.5 Application to Overall SAW Filter Response


4.6 Impulse Response Model


4.7 Summary


4.8 References


5 Trade-Offs in Linear Phase SAW Filter Design


5.1 Introduction


5.2 Bandwidth Limitations in Linear Phase SAW Filter Design


5.3 Design Trade-Offs


5.4 Summary


5.5 References


6 Compensation for Second-Order Effects


6.1 Introduction


6.2 Finger Reflections


6.3 Use of a Multistrip Coupler in Linear Phase SAW Filters


6.4 Diffraction and Diffraction Compensation


6.5 Acoustic Attenuation


6.6 More on Triple-Transit Effects—Unidirectional IDTs


6.7 Electromagnetic Feedthrough


6.8 Summary


6.9 References


7 Designing SAW Filters for Arbitrary Amplitude/Phase Response


7.1 Introduction


7.2 Negative and Positive Frequency Concepts in IDT Design


7.3 The IDT as a Sampled-Data Structure


7.4 Sampling the IDT Fingers at Other Rates


7.5 Summary


7.6 References


8 Finite Impulse Response Design Techniques for Linear Phase SAW Filters


8.1 Introduction


8.2 Some Digital Filter Concepts


8.3 Using the Remez Algorithm for SAW Filter Design


8.4 Baseband Designs and the Effect of Sampling


8.5 Illustrative Remez Computations and SAW Filter Designs


8.6 Summary


8.7 References


8A A Computer Program for SAW FIR Filter Design


9 The SAW Linear FM Chirp Filter


9.1 Introduction


9.2 The IDT for a SAW Linear FM Chirp Filter


9.3 The Slanted Array Compressor (SAC)


9.4 The Reflective Array Compressor (RAC)


9.5 SAW Chirp Filters in Pulse Compression Radar


9.6 Variable Delay Lines Using SAW Chirp Filter


9.7 Summary


9.8 References


10 The Two-Port SAW Resonator


10.1 Introduction


10.2 SAW Reflections and Reflection Gratings


10.3 Design Parameters and Constraints


10.4 Matrix Building Blocks for the SAW Resonator


10.5 Summary


10.6 References


11 Harmonic SAW Delay Lines for Gigahertz Frequencies


11.1 Introduction


11.2 Harmonic Operation of Linear Phase SAW Filters


11.3 Impulse Response Measurements as a Diagnostic Tool


11.4 Summary


11.5 References


12 Comb and Single-Phase Unidirectional Transducers


12.1 Introduction


12.2 Basic SAW Comb Filters Using a Tapped IDT Delay Line


12.3 SAW Comb Filters with More Complex IDT Structures


12.4 SAW Filters with Single-Phase Unidirectional Transducers (SPUDTs)


12.5 Illustrative Coupling-of-Modes Design of SPUDTBased SAW Filter


12.6 Experimental Performance of SPUDT-Based SAW Filter


12.7 Low-Loss SAW Comb Filters Using Unidirectional Transducers


12.8 A Postscript on the Double-Metalization SPUDT


12.9 Summary


12.10 References


13 Coding Techniques Using Linear SAW Transducers


13.1 Introduction


13.2 Matched Filter Concepts


13.3 Rationale for Using Spread Spectrum


13.4 Processing Gain with Binary Phase-Coded SAW IDTs


13.5 Fixed-Code SAW Transducers for Binary Phase Shift Keying


13.6 Second-Order Effects in SAW Tapped Delay Lines


13.7 SAW Transducers for Quadraphase Code Generation


13.8 SAW Filters for Continuous Phase Shift Modulation (CPSM)


13.9 Programmable SAW Transversal Filters


13.10 Summary


13.11 References


14 Real-Time SAW Convolvers


14.1 Introduction


14.2 Nonlinear Piezoelectric Behavior of SAW Devices


14.3 Convolution Relations for the Elastic SAW Convolver


14.4 Using the Elastic SAW Convolver as a Correlator


14.5 The Monolithic Waveguide Type of SAW Convolver


14.6 The Three-Port Acoustoelectric SAW Convolver


14.7 The Four-Port Acoustoelectric SAW Convolver


14.8 Synchronous and Asynchronous Operation of SAW Convolvers


14.9 Summary


14.10 References


15 SAW Oscillators and Frequency Synthesizers


15.1 Introduction


15.2 Phase Noise Spectrum of an Oscillator


15.3 SAW Oscillator Performance Expectations


15.4 Time-Domain Oscillator Stability Measurements


15.5 Single-Mode Fixed-Frequency SAW Oscillators


15.6 Single-Mode Tunable SAW Oscillators


15.7 Multimode SAW Oscillator


15.8 A SAW-Based Frequency Synthesizer


15.9 Summary


15.10 References


16 Real-Time SAW Fourier-Transform Processors


16.1 Introduction


16.2 Single-Stage SAW Fourier-Transform Processors


16.3 Two-Stage Fourier-Transform Processors for Cepstrum Analysis


16.4 Two-Stage SAW Transform Processor for Real-Time On-Line Filtering


16.5 Use of SAW Bilinear Mixers


16.6 Summary


16.7 References


17 SAW Filters in Digital Communications


17.1 Introduction


17.2 Review of Pertinent Codes and Power Spectra


17.3 Nyquist Theorems and Filters


17.4 Illustrative SAW Nyquist Filter Applications


17.5 SAW Filters for Clock Recovery in Optical Fiber Data Systems


17.6 Summary


17.7 References


18 Other Techniques and Developments


18.1 Scope of This Chapter


18.2 Withdrawal-Weighting Design of Interdigital Transducers


18.3 Interdigital Transducers with Slanted- or Curved-Finger Geometries


18.4 Reflective Dot Array (RDA) Compressor


18.5 Techniques Using Half-Length Multistrip Coupler (MSC) Geometries


18.6 Highlights of SAW-Based Acousto-Optic Techniques


18.7 Further Developments in SAW-Based Devices on Gallium Arsenide


18.8 Shallow Bulk Acoustic Wave (SBAW) Devices


18.9 Summary


18.10 References

Index