
Supergene and Surficial Ore Deposits
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Supergene and Surficial Ore Deposits; Textures and Fabrics is a collection of papers that deals with economic geological deposits, particularly as endogenic type, or as an integral part of their geological environment. One paper explores the possibility that the evolution of ores of sedimentary affiliation or of sedimentary rocks and their chemistry during geologic history can be a product of the evolution of the outer spheres of the earth combined with a cycling phenomena that proceeds in a spiral way. Another paper discusses the role of climate on a large range of depositional environments through mobilization, both by chemical and physical events, of metal-ions. Mobilization can also occur by controlled deposition and enrichment of the "mobilized" ions in a certain sedimentary environment. Various depositions occur in different climates, for example, bauxites, requiring higher precipitation levels, form in humid zones. One paper points that ore-mineral accumulations controlled by descending supergene solutions play a significant role in ore-mineral depositions. The collection is beneficial to geologists, industrial chemists, researchers, technical designers, and engineers whose works are related with ore deposits and mining.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Evolution of Ores of Sedimentary Affiliation through Geologic History; Relations to the General Tendencies in Evolution of the Crust, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere
Introduction
Ores of Sedimentary Affiliation and their Trends in Geologic History
Residual Deposits and Weathering Crusts
Deposits Associated with Fluviatile to Deltaic Clastic Sediments
Base-Metal Strata-Bound Deposits of Marine and Marine-Volcanogenic Associations
Sedimentary Iron and Manganese Deposits
Potential Resources
Interim Summary
Evolution and Composition of the Continental Crust
Evolution and Composition of Sedimentary Rocks
Consequences
Discontinuities in the Geologic Record
General Tendencies in the Evolution of the Earth's Crust, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere - a Discussion
Evolution of the Crust
Evolution of Oxygen
Evolution of Carbon Dioxide(?)
Final Vomments
Note Added in Proof
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 2. Ore Deposits in the Light of Palaeoclimatology
Introduction
Climatic Control of Fe and Mn Deposits
Banded Iron-Formations
Oolitic Iron Ores
Manganese Deposits
Ore Deposits of Warm and Hot Climates
Laterites
Bauxite
Supergene Uranium Deposits
Arid Concentration Deposits
Metals in Evaporitic Basins
Ores in Reef Complexes and Carbonate Shelves
Ore Deposits of Glacial and Cool-Temperate Climates
Influence of Glacial Climate on Ore Formation and Ore Prospection
Lake and Bog Iron Ores of Cool-Temperate Climates
Weathering of Primary Ore Bodies
Placer Deposits
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3. Pedogenesis, Chemical Weathering and Processes of Formation of Some Supergene Ore Deposits
Introduction
Geochemical Differentiation During Chemical Weathering and Pedogenetic Processes
Pedogenesis and Chemical Weathering Types
"Weathering Balance" of Zonal Pedogeneses
Major Factors of Pedological Differentiation
Conclusion
Aluminium Ore Deposists: The Problem of Bauxites and Laterites
Generalities
Analytical Study of Bauxites
Mineralogy of Bauxites
Genesis of Bauxites and Laterites
Supergene Concentration of Manganese
Generalities
Conclusion
Supergene Concentration of Nickel
Generalities on the Geochemistry of Nickel
Nickel Concentration-Importance of Secondary Concentrations
Conditions of Formation of Weathering Ore Deposists
Conclusion
Behaviour of Chemical Elements in Supergene Conditions
Distribution of Elements in Minerals
Empirical Determination of Supergene Behaviour of Elements
Mechanisms Controlling the Mobility
Conlcusion
References
Chapter 4. Karsts and Economic Mineral Deposits
Introduction
Summary of Current Literature
General Characteristics of Karst Deposits
Karst Typology and Environmental Characteristics
Formation of Karstic Cavities
Formation of Karstic Accumulations
Examples of Economic Deposits in Karsts
The Lead-Zinc (Barite-Fluorite-Silica) Deposits of Laurium, Greece
The Zinc-Lead Deposit of Salafossa, Central Italian Alps
The Galena-Cerrussite-Barite Deposit of Arenas, Sardinia
The Barite Deposits of Barega, Sardinia
The Zinc Deposits of the Lower Ordovician Kingsport Formation and Mascot Dolomite of East Tennessee
Fluorite Deposits in Triassic Complexes of the Central Alps
The Lead-Zinc Deposit of Ali-ou-Daoud, Morocco
The Uranium-Vanadate ("Tyuyamanite") Deposit of Tyuya Mayun, Fergana, U.S.S.R
Comparison with Similar Deposits
Conclusion
Bibliography
I. Karstification
II. Chemico-Physical Equilibria
III. General Problems of Karsts and Ore-Metal Deposits
Chapter 5. Placer Deposits
Introduction
Cassiterite (SnO2)
Gold
Monazite
Marine (Offshore) Placers
Alluvial (Stream) Placers
Beach Placers
Eluvial, Residual and Fossil Placers
References
Chapter 6. Mineral (Inorganic) Resources of the Oceans and Ocean Floors: A General Review
Introduction
Raw Materials from Ocean Water
Mineral (Inorganic) Resources of the Ocean Floors
Locally Enriched Minerals
Minerals Originating from Chemical Concentration
Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 7. Typical and Nontypical Sedimentary Ore Fabrics
Introduction
General Remarks
Bedding, Fine Bedding, Rhythm
Pb-Zn-Fe-Ba-Ores
Manganese Ores
Bauxites
Gels
Nonparallel Apposition: Oblique Bedding, Cross-Bedding
Syndiagenetic Deformations
Resedimentation
Geopetal Fabrics
Internal or External Apposition?
Nontypical Sedimentary Ore Fabrics
Recrystallized Aggregates
Syndiagenetic Network Mineralization
Resedimentary Breccias
Syndiagenetic Vein Breccias, Vein Mineralization
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 8. Rhythmicity of Barite-Shale and of SrIN Strata-Bound Deposits of Arkansas
Introduction
Strata-Bound Barite and Shale in the Chamberlain Creek Syncline. Arkansas
Rhythmicity of Sr in Barite Nodules and in Bedded Barite Sequences
Relations of the Sr Contents in Barite Strata
Interpretation of Genesis of Rhythmicity
References
Product details
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Elsevier Science 1976
- Published: January 1, 1976
- Imprint: Elsevier Science
- eBook ISBN: 9780444598998
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