Studies in Natural Products Chemistry

Contributors

Preface

Studies in Natural Products Chemistry edited by Atta-ur-Rahman

Chapter 1 Phytoestrogens: “Estrogene-Like” Phytochemicals

Introduction

Phytoestrogens

Absorption and Bioavailability of Phytoestrogens

Phytoestrogens “Estrogen-Like” Activities

Health and Phytoestrogens

Dietary Supplements

Safety Aspects

Conclusion

Chapter 2 The Discovery and Synthesis of Brevisamide

Introduction

Total Syntheses of Brevisamide

Formal Total Syntheses of Brevisamide

Biosynthesis of Brevisamide

Summary

Chapter 3 Recent Asymmetric Syntheses of Tetrahydroisoquinolines Using “Named” and Some Other Newer Methods

Asymmetric Bischler–Napieralski Cyclization–Reduction Syntheses

Asymmetric Pomeranz–Fritsch and Related Reactions

Asymmetric Pictet–Spengler Syntheses

Metal-Catalyzed Cyclizations

Conclusions

Chapter 4 1-Methoxy-Canthin-6-One and Related β-Carbolines: From Natural Compound to Synthesis and Biological Activities

Introduction

1-Methoxy-Canthin-6-One: Extraction from Natural Source

1-Methoxy-Canthin-6-One: Synthetic Procedures

Biological Properties of 1-Methoxy-Canthin-6-One and Related β-Carbolines

Conclusion

Chapter 5 Fern Acylphloroglucinols: Structure, Location, and Biological Effects

Introduction

Structural Features of Fern Acylphloroglucinols

Acylphloroglucinols from Dryopteris and Related Genera

Monomers

Dimers and Polymers

Terpenylated Acylphloroglucinols

Elaphoglossum Acylphloroglucinols

Phytochemical and Botanical Considerations

Improvement of Detection and Isolation Procedures

Final Remarks

Chapter 6 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Natural Phenolic Compounds in Cardiovascular Remodeling

Introduction

Cardiac Remodeling

Vascular Remodeling

MAPK Pathways

ERK Subfamily

p38 Subfamily

c-Jun Kinase

Upstream Activators of MAPK Families, GPCR and Small G-Proteins

Angiotensin Receptors

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Endothelin System

Mitochondrial ROS Production and MAPK Pathway

NADPH and MAPK Pathway

Phenolic Compounds as New Therapeutic Agents for Targeting MAPKs

Conclusion

Chapter 7 Chemistry and Biological Activity of Diterpenoid Alkaloids

Introduction

Results and Discussion

Material and Methods

Chapter 8 Novel Plant-Derived Biomedical Agents and Their Biosynthetic Origin

Introduction

Chapter 9 Histone Deacetylases as Cancer Chemoprevention Targets for Natural Products

Introduction

The Role of HDACs in Carcinogenesis

HDACi from Natural Sources

The Role of Sirtuins in Carcinogenesis

Modulators of Sirtuins from Natural Sources

Biological Assays

Chapter 10 Natural Products: Strategic Tools for Modulation of Biofilm Formation

Introduction

Surface Active Natural Products

Natural Products in Biofilm Regulation Mechanisms

Microbial Natural Products

Marine Organisms

Plants

Animals

Conclusion

Chapter 11 Medicinal Herbs and Plant Extracts for Influenza: Bioactivity, Mechanism of Anti-influenza Effects, and Modulation of Immune Responses

Introduction

Bioactivity

Mechanisms of Antiviral Effects Against Influenza

Modulation of Immune Responses

Conclusion

Chapter 12 Bioactive Compounds from Marine Gorgonian Corals

Introduction

Bioactive Compounds from Marine Gorgonians

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Chapter 13 Natural Herbicides as a Safer and More Environmentally Friendly Approach to Weed Control: A Review of the Literature Since 2000

Introduction

Agriculture and Weeds

Agricultural Uses

Nonagricultural Uses

Conclusions

Chapter 14 Recent Approaches Towards Selected Lamiaceae Plants for Their Prospective Use in Neuroprotection

Introduction

Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Salvia L.

Conclusion

Chapter 15 Phytochemicals

Introduction

An Ancient Scourge: Tuberculosis

The Next Catastrophe: TB Tsunami

The Culprit: Mtb

Current Drugs

Need for Alternative and Integrative Forms of Treatment

Drug Targets of Current Drugs

Structure–Activity Relationships

Synergism

Conclusion

Index