Steroid–Cell Interactions
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Steroid–Cell Interactions describes the processes involved in the intracellular binding of steroids (and related compounds) in mammalian cells. Serum binding proteins and steroid-immunoglobulin interaction are also discussed, along with the relationship of these binding processes to the biological action of the steroid. This book consists of 10 chapters and begins by presenting an elementary account of the factors contributing to the interaction between a steroid hormone and another molecule. The discussion then turns to the three types of methods used to study the interaction between steroids and tissue receptors: cell fractionation, autoradiography, and the separation of specifically and non-specifically bound steroids. The next chapter deals with the metabolism of steroid hormones in relation to their binding and mechanism of action, focusing on testosterone and progesterone. The reader is also introduced to the intracellular binding of androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and estrogens and to how binding is related to biological activity. The final chapter reviews the clinical and immunological data relevant to steroid-protein binding. This text will be of interest to students and practitioners of biology, biochemistry, and physiology.
Table of Contents
Introduction
1 Physico-Chemical Considerations of Steroid-Receptor Interactions
Steroid Structure
Reactant Groups
Conformation
Protein Structure
Quaternary Structure
Secondary and Tertiary Structure
Primary Structure
Nucleic Acids
Chemical Bonds
Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
Hydrogen Bond
Van der Waals' Forces
Hydrophobic Bond
General Comments
Equilibrium Constant and Free Energy
Measurement of Binding Constants
Reaction Kinetics
2 Methods Used to Study Steroid-Tissue Receptor Interaction
Cell Fractionation
Cell Type
Mechanical Methods
Cell Culture
The Use of Tumors
Autoradiography
Distinction between High and Low Affinity
Binding Sites
3 The Importance of the Metabolism of Steroid Hormones Relative to Their Binding and Mechanism of Action
The Absence of the Metabolism of Steroid Hormones During Their Uptake and Retention in Many Target Cells
The Metabolism of Testosterone in Androgen-Dependent Tissues
The Metabolism of Progesterone in Certain Target Tissues
4 Androgens and Particularly, A Metabolite of Testosterone, 5α-Dihydrotestosterone
Blood
Blood Cells
Plasma
The Distribution of NADPH-Dependent 5α-Reductase and Receptors for 5α-Dihydrotestosterone in Androgen-Sensitive Tissues and Cells
The Uptake of Testosterone into Androgen-Sensitive and Androgen-Dependent Tissues
The Specific, High Affinity Binding of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone in the Rat Ventral Prostate Gland
The Nuclear Binding of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone
Cytoplasmic Binding of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone
Development of Reconstituted Systems for the Transfer of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone into Nuclei or Chromatin, In Vitro
Binding of Other Steroids in the Prostate Gland
Binding of Testosterone Metabolites to Prostate Microsomes
Summary
Binding of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone in Accessory Sexual Glands Other than Rat Ventral Prostate Gland
Experimental Animals
Human Prostate Gland
Searches for Receptors in Other Androgen-Sensitive Systems
Liver
Muscle
Mouse Kidney
Experimental Tumors
Testis
Binding of Androgens in Other Tissues and Cells
Female Accessory Sexual Glands
Brain
Pseudomonas testosteroni and Other Bacteria
General Summary
5 Glucocorticoids
Blood
Blood Cells
Plasma
Specific Glucocorticoid Receptor Proteins
Liver
Uptake of Glucocorticoids into Rat Liver
The Identification of Glucocorticoid-Protein Complexes in the Cytoplasm of Rat Liver
Investigations on Steroid-Protein Complexes in Rat Liver
Nuclei
Summary
HTC Cells
Uptake of Dexamethasone into HTC Cells
Nuclear Binding of Glucocorticoids
Binding of Glucocorticoids in the Cytoplasm
Interrelationship between the Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Receptors
Summary
HeLa Cells
The Binding of Glucocorticoids in Intact HeLa Cells
The Subcellular Distribution of Glucocorticoid Binding Sites
Summary
Lymphocytes
The Uptake of Glucocorticoids into Lymphocytes
Nuclear Receptor for Glucocorticoids
Cytoplasmic Binding of Glucocorticoids
The Probable Conversion of the Cytoplasmic Receptor into the Nuclear Receptor
The Generality of the High Affinity Glucocorticoid-Binding
Process in Lymphocytes
Summary
Lymphoid Tumors
P1798 Tumors
Lymphomas
Summary
Fibroblasts
The Uptake of Glucocorticoids into Fibroblasts
Characterization of the Cytoplasmic Binding Component
The Receptor Content of Glucocorticoid-Resistant L929 Cells
Summary
Other Tissues
Mammary Gland
Brain
General Summary
6 Mineralocorticoids
Blood
Blood Cells
Plasma
The Search for Specific Aldosterone-Bindinq Proteins
Rat Kidney
The Nuclear Binding of Aldosterone
The Cytoplasmic Binding of Aldosterone
The Interrelationship between the Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Receptors
The Binding of Other Steroid Hormones in Rat Kidney
Summary
Toad Bladder
The Specificity and Characteristics of the Binding of Aldosterone
Attempts at the Isolation of the Receptors
Summary
Other Tissues
General Summary
7 Estrogens
Blood
Formed Elements
Plasma
Entry of Estrogen into Cells
Intracellular Distribution
Uterus
Cytoplasmic Binding
Entry into the Nucleus
Nucleus
Loss of Estradiol from the Cell
Uterine Cell Type
Overall Picture of Estrogen Movement in the Cell
Vagina
Pituitary Gland
Brain
Autoradiography
Biochemical Studies
Neonatal Androgenization
Ovary
Kidney
Prostate and Seminal Vesicle
Oviduct
Mammary Gland
Tumors
DMBA-Induced Rat Mammary Adenocarcinomas
Other Rat Mammary Tumors
Mouse Mammary Tumors
Human Mammary Tumors
Tumors of the Female Reproductive Tract
Adrenal Tumors
Hamster Kidney Tumors
Other Tissues
8 Progesterone
Blood
Formed Elements
Plasma
Oviduct
Entry into the Cell
Intracellular Distribution
Cytoplasmic Binding
Nuclear Binding
Uterus
Entry into the Cell
Compounds Present within the Cell
Intracellular Distribution
Rat
Guinea Pig
Rabbit
Human
Specificity
Other Tissues
Brain and Pituitary Gland
Mammary Gland
Corpus Luteum
Decidua
9 Relationship of Binding to Biological Activity
Introduction
Evidence that the Steroid-Receptor Interaction is Related to the Biological Activity of the Steroid
Estrogens
Progestins
Androgens
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Physiological Aspects of Steroid-Receptor Interaction
Introduction
Uterus
Oviduct
Brain and Anterior Pituitary Gland
Tumors
Na+-K+ Transport
Mammary Gland
Accessory Sex Glands in the Male
The Molecular Aspects of Steroid-Receptor Interaction
Introduction
The Relative Importance of the Components of the Steroid-Receptor Complex
A Comparison of Steroid Receptors with the Regulatory
Proteins in Microorganisms
Current Concepts of the Structure and Function of Chromatin
The Interaction of Steroid-Binding Proteins with Chromatin
The Specificity of Hormonal Responses
The Molecular Events Stimulated by Receptor-Nucleus
Interaction
The Possible Role of Cyclic AMP in Steroid Hormone Action
Effects of Hormones Achieved without a Necessary
Dependence on Nuclear Processes and High Affinity Binding
10 Clinical and Immunological Aspects of Steroid-Binding
Terminology
Plasma Proteins
Tissue Proteins
Steroid Antibodies
Appendix 1 Chemical and Trivial Names of Steroids
Appendix 2 Structure of Synthetic Compounds
Appendix 3 An Up-to-Date Summary of Current Literature
Product details
- No. of pages: 458
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Butterworth-Heinemann 1974
- Published: January 1, 1974
- Imprint: Butterworth-Heinemann
- eBook ISBN: 9781483165103