Starch Polymers

This book focuses on starch polymers including starch genetics, biotechnological and chemical modification, nanostructures, processing, characterization, properties and applications. This books topic is in a cutting edge and emerging technology area of biomaterials, nanomaterials and renewable materials, and will involve international experts in diverse fields from genetic engineering to applications.

• Focuses on cutting edge applications of starch polymers, including starch genetics and Rheology
• Contains working examples and provides real problems and solutions in the area of biomaterials, nanomaterials, and renewable materials
• Provides systematic and in-depth coverage and critical assessment of all starch properties and applications from top scientists in the industry

Graduate and postgraduate research students and industrial researchers in the areas of Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Applied Chemistry, Food Science/Chemistry; Biochemistry; Biotechnology/ bioengineering Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering; agricultural chemists, researchers in related industries such as paper, textiles, adhesives, plastics, biomaterials, biofuels, renewable energy, nanomaterials, food industry, packaging and polymer industry.

Dedication

Contributors

Acknowledgments

Preface

Introduction

I: Introduction

Chapter 1: Starch Polymers: From the Field to Industrial Products

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Starch Sources

3 Starch Production and Main Outputs

4 Starch Modification

5 Nonfood Starch Polymer Material Applications

6 Conclusions

II: Starch Genetics

Chapter 2: Genetically Modified Starch: State of Art and Perspectives

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Modification of Starch Quality

3 Starch Modification to Lower Amylose Content

4 Starch Modification to Elevate Amylose Content

5 Modifying Starch Quantity in Storage Tissues

6 Modifying Starch Granule Size

7 New Methods for Gene Modification to Alter Starch Biosynthesis

8 Conclusions

Chapter 3: "Structure-Property" Relationships of Genetically Modified Starch

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Novel Starch Materials

3 Macromolecular Properties

4 Granular Properties

5 Thermal Properties

6 Overall Structure-Property Relationships

7 Conclusions

III: Novel Starch Modified by Biotechnology

Chapter 4: Starch Modification by Biotechnology: State of Art and Perspectives

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Starch Biosynthesis and Mutants in the Starch Biosynthetic Pathway

3 Starch Degradation and Mutants in the Starch Breakdown

4 Expression of Heterologous Enzymes in Plants

5 Industrial Application of Improved Starches

IV: Novel Starch Modified by Chemistry

Chapter 5: Starch Modification to Develop Novel Starch-Biopolymer Blends: State of Art and Perspectives

Abstract

1 Starch Structure

2 Starch Functionality

3 Modification of Starch

4 Physically Modified Starches

5 Chemical Modification

6 Starch Modification and Resistant Starch

7 Starch Modification: Biodegradable TPS

8 Modified Starch as Encapsulation and Controlled Release

Chapter 6: Chemically Modified Starch; Allyl- and Epoxy-Starch Derivatives: Their Synthesis and Characterization

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis and Characterization of Allyl Starch

3 Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy-Starch Derivatives

4 Future Perspectives

V: Structures and Properties of Novel Starch-Based Materials

Chapter 7: Mechanical Properties of Starch-Based Plastics

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

2 Processing of Starch into Thermoplastic Materials

3 Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Starch-Based Materials

4 Effect of Testing Conditions

5 Properties of Starch-Based Blends

6 Summary and Perspectives

Chapter 8: Nanobiocomposites Based on Plasticized Starch

Abstract

1 Plasticized Starch

2 Starch-Based Nanobiocomposites

3 Conclusions

VI: Novel Characterisation Methods

Chapter 9: Starch NMR

Abstract

1 General Principles

2 Chemical and Physical Information

3 Conclusions and Perspectives

VII: Novel Processing

Chapter 10: Processing of Plasticized Starch-Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Plasticization of Starch

3 Extrusion Processing of Plasticized Starch-Based Materials

4 Other Processing Techniques for Plasticized Starch-Based Materials

5 Summary and Future Perspective

Chapter 11: Reactive Extrusion for Thermoplastic Starch-Polymer Blends

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Materials

3 Results and Discussion

4 Discussion

5 Conclusions

VIII: Degradation and Biodegradation

Chapter 12: Degradation and Biodegradation Standards for Starch-Based and Other Polymeric Materials

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Biobased Standard Test Method

3 Industrial Compost Environment

4 Marine Environment

5 Anaerobic Digestion

6 Active Landfill

Chapter 13: Effects of Formulation, Structure, and Processing on Biodegradation of Starches

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Methods of Measuring Biodegradation

3 Biodegradation of Starches

4 Biodegradation of Starch-Polymer Blends

5 Biodegradation of Starch Composites

6 Conclusions

IX: Applications

Chapter 14: Starch Applications: State of Market and New Trends

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

2 Bioplastics: Background

3 Market Drivers for Bioplastics

4 The Global Bioplastics Market

5 Processing of Starch Plastics

6 Starch Application Areas

7 Leading Starch-Based Polymer Producers

8 Key Issues, Barriers, and Opportunities for Starch Plastics

9 End-of-Life Issues for Starch Plastics

10 Conclusions and Perspectives

Chapter 15: Starch Plastic Packaging and Agriculture Applications

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Starch Properties

3 Plastics and the Environment

4 Plastic Uses

5 Starch-Based Plastics

6 Future Prospects

Index