Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Eye

1st Edition - October 30, 2012
Author: Anand Vinekar
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 8 1 - 3 1 2 - 3 0 5 2 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 8 1 - 3 1 2 - 3 5 8 2 - 9

Narayana Nethralaya Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, is a leading eye care center situated in Bangalore, India, and is ranked among the top five institutes of op… Read more

Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Eye

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Narayana Nethralaya Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, is a leading eye care center situated in Bangalore, India, and is ranked among the top five institutes of ophthalmology in the country.

Established in 1982, by founding Chairman, Dr Bhujang Shetty, Narayana Nethralaya has grown to three campuses wherein over 50 subspecialty-trained ophthalmologists participate in clinical, community, and research activities in 27 departments serving 1000 + patients every day.

Narayana Nethralaya has a robust training curriculum accredited by the National Board of Examinations and conducts postgraduate and fellowship programs.

Narayana Nethralaya has always strived hard to acquire cutting-edge technology in diagnostic and surgical care, and make it available at affordable costs to its patients—both in the clinic and in the community.

This book is a result of that evolution, having combined the latest spectral-domain optical coherence imaging devices with a passion to teach.

Contents

Foreword v

Preface vii

Acknowledgments viii

Editorial Board ix

List of Contributors xi

SECTION I INTRODUCTION 1

1 Principles of Optical Coherence Tomography 3

Supriya Dabir

2 Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Eye:

Limitations and Advances 6

Sherine Braganza

SECTION II TECHNOLOGY: WHAT’S IN THE BOX? 9

3 SPECTRALIS™—Heidelberg Engineering 11

Kester Nahen

4 Bioptigen Envisu SD-OCT Primer 18

Eric L Buckland

SECTION III CORNEA 29

5 Interpreting Corneal Images with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography 31

Naoyuki Maeda

6 Imaging the Tear Film on Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography 36

Shizuka Koh

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7 Imaging the Tear Film in Normal and Dry Eyes 38

Osama MA Ibrahim, Takashi Kojima, Yukihiro Matsumoto, and Murat Dogru

8 Imaging the Tear Film in Contact Lens Users 42

Shizuka Koh and Madhusmita Das

9 Bee Stinger 46

Madhusmita Das, Yathish Shivanna, and Chintan Malhotra

10 Collagen Cross-linking with Riboflavin 51

Rohit Shetty

11 Corneal Dystrophies 54

Arundhati Anshu, Donald Tan, and Madhusmita Das

12 Corneal Cyst 63

Tushar Agarwal and Amit Sobti

13 Descemet’s Membrane Detachment 66

Vishal Jhanji and Rasik B Vajpayee

14 Keratitis 68

Madhusmita Das, Naoyuki Maeda, and Shizuka Koh

15 Keratoconus 73

Rohit Shetty and Kareeshma Wadia–Havewala

16 Keratoconus with Proud Nebulae 76

Ainur Rahman and Jodhbir S Mehta

17 Keratoconus—INTACS™ 79

Kareeshma Wadia–Havewala and Rohit Shetty

18 Keratoconus—KERAFLEX™ (Microwave Thermoplasty) 81

Kareeshma Wadia–Havewala and Rohit Shetty

19 Keratoplasty—Endothelial Keratoplasty 83

Mark A Greiner, Michael D Straiko, and Mark A Terry

20 Keratoplasty—Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty 92

Karim Mohamed–Noriega, Ainur Rahman, and Jodhbir S Mehta

21 Keratoplasty—Femtosecond Laser-enabled Keratoplasty (FLEK) 96

Ashwini Ranganath, Himanshu Matalia, and Madhusmita Das

22 Keratoprosthesis 100

Bhaskar Srinivasan and Geetha Iyer

23 LASIK—Flaps 103

Sharon D’Souza and Rohit Shetty

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24 LASIK—Epithelial Ingrowth 106

Sharon D’Souza and Rohit Shetty

25 LASIK Complications—Interface Fluid Syndrome in a Steroid Responder 109

Sharon D’Souza and Rohit Shetty

26 Limbal Dermoid 112

Madhusmita Das and Himanshu Matalia

27 Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia 115

Patrick Oellers, Carol L Karp, Jared L Matthews, Sander R Dubovy, and Jianhua Wang

28 Pinguecula 118

Tarek Ahmed Mohamed and Wael Soliman

29 Pterygium 120

Tarek Ahmed Mohamed and Wael Soliman

30 Radial Keratotomy: Acute Hydrops 123

Tushar Agarwal and Amit Sobti

SECTION IV LENS 125

31 Aniridia 127

Mathew Kurien, Sudeep Das, and Rashmi Shetty

32 Cataract 129

Sudeep Das, Mathew Kurien, and Rashmi Shetty

33 Clear Corneal Incision 131

Sudeep Das, Mathew Kurien, and Ridhima Bhagali

34 Alport’s Syndrome 133

Madhusmita Das, Mathew Kurien, Rohit Shetty, and Sudeep Das

35 Phakic Intraocular Lens (pIOL) 137

Mathew Kurien, Sudeep Das, and Aditi Ghodke

36 Subluxated Lens 141

Sudeep Das, Mathew Kurien, and Ridhima Bhagali

SECTION V GLAUCOMA 143

37 Angle Imaging 145

Poemen PM Chan and Christopher KS Leung

38 Anterior Chamber Angle and Iris Configuration Changes After Peripheral Laser Iridotomy 149

Poemen PM Chan, Cong Ye, and Christopher KS Leung

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39 Angle Recession 152

Rajesh S Kumar and Sathi Devi AV

40 Anterior Chamber Angle—Open and Closed 154

Lisandro M Sakata

41 Aqueous Drainage Channels 159

Syril Dorairaj and Vishal Jhanji

42 Ciliochoroidal Effusion—Drug Induced 162

Rajesh S Kumar, Sathi Devi AV, and Dhanraj Rao AS

43 Cyclodialysis Cleft 165

Rajesh S Kumar, Sathi Devi AV, and Ramgopal Balu

44 Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome 168

Rajesh S Kumar, Sathi Devi AV, and Narendra KP

45 Plateau Iris 171

Rajesh S Kumar and Tin Aung

46 Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome 174

Rajesh S Kumar and Sathi Devi AV

47 Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Glaucoma 176

Dhanraj Rao AS and Rajesh S Kumar

48 Bleb Imaging: Effect of Suturolysis 184

Rajesh S Kumar and Sathi Devi AV

49 Glaucoma Drainage Device—Imaging 187

Poemen PM Chan and Christopher KS Leung

SECTION VI RETINA 191

50 Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 193

Rajani Battu

51 Angioid Streak 197

Naresh Kumar Yadav and Santosh Gopi Krishna

52 Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion 201

Priya BV and Kavitha Avadhani

53 Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion 205

Mahesh Chandargi

54 Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy 210

Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Demetrios G Vavvas, and RV Paul Chan

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55 Central Retinal Artery Occlusion 214

Supriya Dabir and Kanav Gupta

56 Central Retinal Vein Occlusion 217

Supriya Dabir and Kanav Gupta

57 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy 221

Manish Nagpal, Navneet Mehrotra, Harsh Yadav, and Jainendra Rahud

58 Choroidal Neovascularization—Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration 227

Santosh Gopi Krishna and Naresh Kumar Yadav

59 Choroidal Neovascularization—Myopia 232

Naresh Kumar Yadav

60 Choroidal Osteoma 235

Subhashchandra HD and Kavitha Avadhani

61 Diabetic Retinopathy—Macular Edema Subtypes: Cirrus™ SD-OCT 238

Vishali Gupta and Amod Gupta

62 Diabetic Retinopathy—Macular Edema Subtypes: SPECTRALIS™ SD-OCT 244

Santosh Gopi Krishna and Naresh Kumar Yadav

63 Diabetic Retinopathy—Pregnancy Related 249

Adam Muzychuk and Anna Ells

64 Diabetic Retinopathy—Nonproliferative 253

Santosh Gopi Krishna and Naresh Kumar Yadav

65 Diabetic Retinopathy—Proliferative 258

Santosh Gopi Krishna and Naresh Kumar Yadav

66 Diabetic Retinopathy—Medical Management 264

Priya BV

67 Diabetic Retinopathy—Pharmacological Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema 267

Subhashchandra HD, Naresh Kumar Yadav, and Supriya Dabir

68 Drusen—Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration 272

Rajani Battu

69 Epiretinal Membrane 276

Naresh Kumar Yadav and Santosh Gopi Krishna

70 Fundus Albipunctatus 278

Ajay Shalwala and Anita Agarwal

71 Hypertensive Retinopathy 282

Supriya Dabir

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72 Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy 285

Naresh Kumar Yadav and VP Poonkodi

73 Juxtafoveal Telangiectasia: Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation 288

Vishali Gupta and Amod Gupta

74 Juxtafoveal Telangiectasia: Type 2A 294

Santosh Gopi Krishna and Naresh Kumar Yadav

75 Macroaneurysm 297

Manish Nagpal and Navneet Mehrotra

76 Macular Hole 300

Vishali Gupta and Amod Gupta

77 Malattia Leventinese 310

Anita Agarwal

78 North Carolina Macular Dystrophy 314

Anita Agarwal

79 Optic Pit 318

Priya BV

80 Optic Neuritis 321

Rajani Battu and Anupama Kiran Kumar

81 Purtscher’s Retinopathy 326

Naresh Kumar Yadav and Kanav Gupta

82 Retinitis Pigmentosa 330

Rajani Battu

83 Solar Retinopathy 334

Supriya Dabir

84 Sorsby’s Fundus Dystrophy 337

Scott Schoenberger and Anita Agarwal

85 Stargardt’s Disease 341

Rajani Battu

86 Traumatic Choroidal Rupture 345

Kavitha Avadhani, Anand Vinekar, and Padmamalini Mahendradas

87 Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome 347

Naresh Kumar Yadav and Kanav Gupta

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SECTION VII PEDIATRIC RETINA 349

88 Imaging an Infant on Optical Coherence Tomography 351

Anand Vinekar

89 Foveal Layers in an Infant 354

Anand Vinekar, Ramiro Maldonado, and Cynthia Toth

90 Foveal Maturation in Infants 357

Anand Vinekar, Ramiro Maldonado, and Cynthia Toth

91 Albinism 361

Anand Vinekar

92 Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Epithelium 364

Anand Vinekar and Kavitha Avadhani

93 Cone–Rod Dystrophy 368

Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Demetrios G Vavvas, and RV Paul Chan

94 Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis 372

Anand Vinekar

95 Retinoblastoma 374

Ashwin Mallipatna and Vandhana Suren

96 Retinopathy of Prematurity—Macular Changes 377

Anand Vinekar and Kavitha Avadhani

97 Retinopathy of Prematurity—Neovascularization 379

Anand Vinekar, Harsha Pai, and Hemanth Anaspure

98 Retinopathy of Prematurity—Postvitrectomy 381

Anand Vinekar and Naresh Kumar Yadav

99 Rubella Retinopathy 384

Jyoti Matalia and Anand Vinekar

100 Shaken Baby Syndrome 386

Vishak John, Audina Berrocal, and Ditte Hess

101 X-linked Retinoschisis 389

Vishak John, Audina Berrocal, and Ditte Hess

SECTION VIII UVEA 393

102 Acute Retinal Necrosis 395

Kavitha Avadhani and Padmamalini Mahendradas

103 Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy 398

Sumeer Thinda and Anita Agarwal

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CONTENTS

104 Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy 405

Maziar Lalezary and Anita Agarwal

105 Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy 408

Scott Schoenberger and Anita Agarwal

106 Cat Scratch Disease 412

Anita Agarwal

107 Chikungunya Retinitis 415

Padmamalini Mahendradas and Kavitha Avadhani

108 Chorioretinal Folds 418

Kavitha Avadhani and Padmamalini Mahendradas

109 Choroidal Granuloma 423

Padmamalini Mahendradas and Kavitha Avadhani

110 Cytomegalovirus Retinitis 432

Kavitha Avadhani and Padmamalini Mahendradas

111 Dengue Maculopathy 434

Aliza JAP and Soon-Phaik CHEE

112 Fuchs’ Uveitis 439

Carl P Herbort and Nadia Bouchenaki

113 Intermediate Uveitis 443

Padmamalini Mahendradas and Kavitha Avadhani

114 Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome 448

Kavitha Avadhani and Padmamalini Mahendradas

115 Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis 451

Kavitha Avadhani and Padmamalini Mahendradas

116 Rickettsial Retinitis 454

Moncef Khairallah, Sonia Attia, Rim Kahloun, and Sonia Zaouali

117 Serpiginous Choroiditis 457

Vishali Gupta and Amod Gupta

118 Sympathetic Ophthalmia 460

Padmamalini Mahendradas and Kavitha Avadhani

119 Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis 464

Padmamalini Mahendradas and Kavitha Avadhani

120 Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease 469

Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos-Santos

Index